Grant Proposal
Logic Modeling
Enhancing Program Planning and Evaluation
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What is a Logic Model?
- A systematic and visual way to present the relationships among the resources you have to operate your program, the planned program activities and the changes or results you hope to achieve.
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In Other Words, a Logic Model…
- Explains what the program expects to achieve and how
- Depicts how you believe your program will work.
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Why Use a Logic Model?
- To Plan
- as a planning tool, it enhances ability to explain program concepts to stakeholders
- To Manage
- As a management tool, it guides program monitoring
- To Evaluate
- As an evaluation tool, it structures and informs the assessment of progress and program success
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Building a Basic Logic Model
- Start constructing a logic model as soon as you have a program idea
- Involve a variety of stakeholders in informal logic model construction, it can encourage a sense of ownership of the program and its evaluation.
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Two Aspects of the Program Logic Model
- It shows the resources that will go into the program;
- Using arrows, it communicates the cause-and-effect relations, as you think they will be, between the program activities and the outcome that you hope to achieve.
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Simplified Program Logic Model (example 1)
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Facilities,
Equipment
And Materials
Evidenced-
Based
Practices
Mentoring
Support
Resources
Professional
Development
Educators Skilled &
Competent in arts
Integration Practices &
Techniques
Outcomes
Impact
Outputs
Activities
Number
Participating
in
Professional
development
activities
Educators applying
Integration Practices
& Techniques in the
classroom
Increased/Enhanced
Arts Integration
Educational Practices &
Techniques Among
K – 12 educators
Simplified Program Logic Model (example 2)
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Facilities,
Equipment
And Materials
Evidenced-
Based
Curriculum
Arts and
Classroom
Teaching
Teams
Resources
Classroom
Arts
Integration
Activities
Outcomes
Improved
Academic
Performance
Among
Students
Impact
Outputs
Activities
Student
Projects &
exercises
Enhanced
critical
Thinking,
Analytical
& problem
Solving
skills
Students
With
Positive
Attitudes
About
School
Logic Model – Another View
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| Resources | Activities | Outputs | Outcomes | Impact |
| Facilities, Equipment And Materials Evidenced- Based Curriculum Mentoring Support | Professional development Classroom Arts Integration Activities | Number Of Educators Completing Professional Develop- ment Activities # and type of student projects & exercises | Educators Skilled & Competent in educators arts applying Arts Integration Practices & Techniques in the classroom | Increased/Enhanced Arts Integration Educational Practices & Techniques Among K – 12 educators Improved Academic Performance Among Students |
Begin at the End – Describe Desired Results
Basic Components of the Program Logic Model Part I
Outputs
- Evidence of service delivery
- Data about activities as units of services provided by the program
- The number of people involved, taught, counseled, etc.
- Outputs are mere numbers, they do not reflect impact, benefits or changes
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Outcomes
- Specific benefits or changes for participant during or after participating in the program
- Benefits such as changes in knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, skills, status or level of functioning
- Knowledge and skill change (short-term)
- Behavior change (intermediate)
- Values (attitudes/beliefs) change (long-term)
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Impacts
- The future positive social changes to which program outcomes are expected to contribute.
- The long term and greater good sustainable changes that the program hopefully will create
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Next Consider Actions and Resources to Bring About Change
Basic Components of the Program Logic Model Part II
Inputs
- Inputs (i.e., resources) Materials and resources that the program uses in its activities to serve clients
- Equipment, materials, staff, money, volunteers, facilities, etc
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Program Activities
- Processes or activities that the program undertakes with the participants in order to meet their needs
- Teaching, counseling, feeding, follow-up services, etc.
- Activities must contribute to desired outcomes
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Program Logic Model Step by Step
Begin at the End
Specifying Results
- Step 1. What outcomes (short and long term) do you expect to achieve?
- Step 2. What service delivery targets do you hope to reach through implementation?
- Step 3. What impact do you expect to achieve in the community?
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Be SMART
- Outcome objectives should be
- Specific
- Measurable
- Achievable
- Realistic
- Timed
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Specifying Program Activities
- Step 4. Knowing what you know about factors affecting the problem and what works to solve problems, what activities have you planned to implement?
- Is there a logical link between activities and desired results?
- Does the proposed program address factors identified in the problem statement?
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Identifying Required Resources
- Step 5.
- What resources are needed to carry out the proposed activities?
- What resources are available to support the specific activities?
- What influential factors can be counted on for support?
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Assessing Feasibility
- Step 6.
- Is there a gap between available resources and required resources?
- Can program modifications be made without threatening the integrity of the program?
- If so, can the same level of results be expected?
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Refine
- Step 7
- Refine or revise program model as deemed necessary.
- Specify Output and outcome indicators and targets
- Targets– the number and/or percentage of participants you want to achieve the outcome
- Indicators -- Observed and measurable milestones toward an outcome target
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Specify Results
Step 1
Outcomes
Step 2
Outputs
Step 3:
Impact
Describe Action/Resources
Step 4
Specify
Program
Activities
Step 5
Identify
Resources
Step 6
Assess
Feasibility
Step 7
Refine Program
Specify Targets &
Indicators
Tip/Recommendation 1
- Make sure your logic model is supported by existing evidence (i.e., has an evidenced-based theoretical framework)
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Tip/Recommendation 2
- The time of a program planner and evaluator may be more effectively used if—from the first meeting onward—you have a complete program map to study together.
- Work with your evaluator in the development of the logic model.
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Tip/Recommendation 3
- Be sure you and your evaluator are in agreement about the logic model and that the evaluation is built consistent with the model.
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Tip/Recommendation 4
- Your Logic Model is a valuable navigational tools – the road map to your program’s destination
- Once you have set your course, follow your “program” road map, deviating only when necessary.
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Tip/Recommendation 5
- Make changes to your course only when unanticipated obstacles and challenges impede your progress and when the reason for change is vital to reaching the desired destination.
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Tip/Recommendation 6
- Carefully describe any changes in your journey and the rationale for the change. This will be important for another excursion or for future travelers
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