Discussion Form Question
Re-implementing anthropogenic burning in the Nyangumarta Warrarn
IPA
Nick Smith: Anthropology Steve Leonard: Ecology & Nyangumarta people
Research Contexts Conservation as development Indigenous rights globally and locally Interdisciplinary project Community-based participatory planning
2
Nyangumarta Warrarn IPA
Melbourne
Alice SpringsKintore
Port Hedland
Bidyadanga Broome
Nyangumarta Warrarn IPA
Local context: IPAs
4
31
35
29
30
20
11
9
15
1
16
2
3
19
18
12
14
6
26 27
25
4
28
32 33
21
61
34
36 39
75
40
41
A
B
7 8
44
45
46 48
22 38
A
10
50
49
D
76
47
54
A
52
53
56
74
73 13
60
58
57
62
65
63
64
55
66
23
2468 68
69 37 43
17
51
67
70
71
72
42
59
C
B
D
C
A
5
A
E
C B
A
E
D
Hay
Roma
Moree
Umuwa
Derby
Perth
Sydney
Hobart
Mackay
Cairns
Darwin
Ceduna
Broome
Albany
Mildura
Emerald
Yuendumu
Canberra
Portland
Brisbane
Lajamanu
Adelaide
Melbourne
Devonport
Kowanyama
Burketown
Mount Isa
Mutitjulu
Katherine
Kununurra
Warburton
Esperance
Geraldton
Brewarrina
Townsville
Cunnamulla
Broken Hill
Leigh Creek
Coober Pedy
Kiwirrkurra
Docker River
Port Hedland
Alice Springs
Lockhart River
Mulan
0 500 1,000250
kilometres
Indigenous Protected Areas August 2020
1 Nantawarrina 2 Preminghana 3 Risdon Cove 4 Putalina 5 Deen Maar 6 Yalata 7 Watarru 8 Walalkara 9 Mount Chappell Island 10 Badger Island 11 Guanaba 12 Warul Kawa Island 13 Dhimurru 14 Wattleridge 15 Mount Willoughby 16 Paruku 17 Ngaanyatjarra 18 Tyrendarra 19 Toogimbie 20 Anindilyakwa 21 Laynhapuy 22 Ninghan 23 Northern Tanami 24 Warlu Jilajaa Jumu 25 Kaanju Ngaachi x Wenlock and Pascoe Rivers 26 Babel Island 27 Great Dog Island 28 lungatalanana 29 Pulu Islet 30 Tarriwa Kurrukun 31 Angas Downs 32 Warddeken 33 Djelk 34 Jamba Dhandan Duringala 35 Kurtonitj 36 Framlingham Forest 37 Kalka - Pipalyatjara 38 Boorabee and The Willows 39 Lake Condah 40 Marri-Jabin (Thamurrurr) 41 Brewarrina Ngemba Billabong 42 Uunguu 43 Apara - Makiri - Punti 44 Antara - Sandy Bore 45 Dorodong
66 Warraberalgal and x Porumalgal 67 Kiwirrkurra 68 Nyangumarta Warrarn 69 Matuwa Kurrara-Kurrara 70 Katiti Petermann 71 Ganalanga-Mindibirrina 72 Wardang Island 73 Marthakal 74 South-East Arnhem Land 75 Yawuru 76 Mawonga
Dedicated Indigenous Protected Areas
Note: CM = Co-Managed IPA
Indigenous Protected Area Consultation Projects
WA A Jilakurru, Kaalpi and Western Desert Lakes B Ngururrpa C Spinifex Pilki D Ngadju
QLD A Wuthathi Shelburne Bay B Wik, Wik Way and Kugu C Olkola D Talaroo E Mamu
NSW A Werai Forest (CM)
VIC A Wurdi Youang
NT A Crocodile Islands Maringa B Arafura Swamp C Mimal D Tiwi Islands E Haasts Bluff
Data Sources:
Indigenous Protected Areas © Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, 2020. Localities: © Commonwealth of Australia , Geoscience Australia, 2006. Collaborative Australian Protected Areas Database - CAPAD 2018: © Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, 2020. Australian Land Tenure 1993: © Commonwealth of Australia , Geoscience Australia, 1993 State and Territory Borders: © Commonwealth of Australia, Geoscience Australia, 2004.
Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Australian Government or the Minister for the Environment.
While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct, the Commonwealth does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents, and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents of this publication.
Map produced by: Environmental Resource Information Network (ERIN), 24/08/2020
© Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, 2020.
Albers Equal Area projection on the GDA94 Datum.
46 Weilmoringle 47 Yanyuwa (Barni - Wardimantha Awara) 48 Minyumai 49 Gumma 50 Mandingalbay Yidinji 51 Southern Tanami 52 Angkum 53 Ngunya Jargoon 54 Birriliburu 55 Eastern Kuku Yalanji 56 Bardi Jawi 57 Girringun 58 Wilinggin 59 Dambimangari 60 Balanggarra 61 Thuwathu/Bujimulla 62 Yappala 63 Wardaman 64 Karajarri 65 Nijinda Durlga
Other protected areas
Aboriginal lands
SA A Maralinga Tjarutja Lands
The Community: Nyangumarta people
• geographic community (e.g. residents of Bidyadanga or Broome)
• language group community and
• a community of kin
Nyangumarta values - IPA • speaking language on country is important • business, Law, culture and rules; • health and wellbeing; strength; (people & country) • connection to country; • education and awareness; • respect for elders; • independence/autonomy • transmission of knowledge
6
Ecological values • Eighty Mile Beach - Ramsar site and Important
Bird Area • Mandora Marsh– complex of fresh and saline
wetlands, globally significant • Threatened species
7
Threats
8
• Invasive species
• people
• wildfire
Why fire?
• Fire culturally and ecologically significant • Key management tool
9
10
IPA area burnt 2000 Area burnt 2001
11
Global context: Culture, ecology, community development, Indigenous rights
“Indigenous people have a vital role in environmental management and development because of their knowledge and traditional practices. States should recognise and duly support their identity, culture and interests and enable their effective participation in the achievement of sustainable development.” (Rio Declaration United Nations 1993, Principle 22)
12
Indigenous communities and biodiversity conservation
• +400 million indigenous people in 70 nations have ‘retained social, cultural, economic and political characteristics that are distinct from those of the dominant societies in which they live’ (UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/ en/history.html)
• Indigenous people 5% of world population/15% of world’s poor
13
http://www.firstpeoples.org/who-are-indigenous-peoples 14
Conclusions • “The holistic and diverse value systems and ways of life of
IPLCs across the world offer culturally distinctive visions of alternative sustainable futures which need to be understood, respected and protected… Yet the cultures of IPLCs and the associated rich biodiversity on their lands continue to be eroded and displaced by dominant unsustainable production and consumption systems that are destroying the planet’s biodiversity”
• “IPLCs in many countries are central actors in sustainable agriculture, fisheries, aquaculture and forestry and caretakers of habitat. A radical transformation is required, to one that fully recognizes the role of IPLCs in conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and their contribution to protecting ecosystems, both of which are currently under- reported and under-valued.” (Forest Peoples Programme 2020: 24-25) 15
References • Berkes, F. 2009. “Indigenous ways of knowing and the study of
environmental change” Journal of Royal Society of New Zealand, 39 (4): 151-156.
• Forest Peoples Programme, International Indigenous Forum on Biodiversity, Indigenous Women’s Biodiversity Network, Centres of Distinction on Indigenous and Local Knowledge, and Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2020, Local Biodiversity Outlooks 2: the contributions of indigenous people and local communities to the implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and to renewing nature and cultures. A complement to the fifth edition of the Global Biodiversity Outlook. Forest Peoples Programme. http://www.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net/ accessed 01/10/2020
• Nyangumarta Warrarn Aboriginal Corporation & Yamatji Marlpa Aboriginal Corporation, 2015, Nyangumarta Warrarn Indigenous Protected Area, Plan of Management, 2015 to 2020. Prepared by Dr Nicholas Smith, South Hedland, WA. weblink
• Walsh, F & P Mitchell. 2002. Planning for Country: cross-cultural approaches to decision-making on Aboriginal lands. IAD Press, Alice Springs, NT.