Dr Rocal

LCA of Washing Machine

Some useful information

LCA studies are performed accordance with ISO standards (ISO 14040, 2006;

ISO 14044, 2006). LCA is widely used as bases for process improvement, eco-

labelling programs, strategic planning, consumer education, and product design.

Washing machines are designed to provide clean clothes while retaining the

quality of the material. The use of the washing machine however, is a highly

energy and water intense process that results in a number of negative impacts

on the environment.

Purpose/Aim

This LCA CW performs a thorough analysis of the environmental impact of

washing machines (different brands…types…) focusing also on parameters such

as design, energy and overall efficiency of the machines.

Objectives:

1. To identify…

2. To analyse…

3. To discuss…

4. Conclude…

Comparison between:

 A state of the art washing machine produced in 2015 as well as an older

one, produced in 2010 (just an example)

 Comparisons of parameters such as design, energy and overall efficiency

of the machines are also considered.

Note: Many studies carried out suggest the use phase of the washing machines

is the dominant phase where majority of the environmental impact is occurred.

Functional unit

A functional unit, which provides a quantified reference for all other related

inputs and outputs, is a measure of the functional outputs of a studied system

(ISO 14040, 2006).

Example:

A machine having a capacity of 10 kg of clothes per wash, washing 170 times

per year, at a mix of 40°C, 60°C and 90°C, over a life cycle of 15 years.

CO2 emission

Inventory Analysis: All raw materials and energy consumption, infrastructure,

direct emissions, transport, and waste disposal levels must be based on the

functional unit.

What is the life? 15 year life time

Inventory:

 Materials (steel, aluminium and plastics, detergent) used and process energy requirements (kWh/m2)

 Manufacturing

 Use phase (water, energy)

 Disposal

Fig. Flow of the life-cycle stages, energy, materials, and effluents for washing

machine

The emissions generated by use phase by coal-based electricity, and part

production processes plays important roles in the overall environmental burden.

Impact Assessment: Materials

Use