Research Methods in health care
HA620 Research Methods in Health Care Theoretical Framework
Su-yan Barrow, MA, MPH, PhD
Theoretical Framework
Theory and Why It is Important
A theory presents a systematic way of understanding events, behaviors and/or situations.
A theory is a set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions that explains or predicts events or situations by specifying relations among variables.
The notion of generality, or broad application, is important. Thus, theories are by their nature abstract and not content- or topic-specific.
Theories vary in the extent to which they have been conceptually developed and empirically tested; however, “testability” is an important feature of a theory.
Theory/Model - Grant Proposal
Theories/Models can be integrated in several aspects of a grant proposal
Theories and models are used in program planning to understand and explain health behavior and to guide the identification, development, and implementation of interventions.
Program / Intervention Design
Pre - Post Assessment
Questionnaires
Program Evaluation
Formative/Process
Summative /Outcome
Choosing the Right Theory
The choice of a suitable theory or theories should begin with identifying the problem, goal, and units of practice, not with selecting a theoretical framework because it is intriguing, familiar, or in vogue.
Different theories are best suited to different units of practice, such as individuals, groups, and organizations.
For example, when one is attempting to overcome women's personal barriers to obtaining mammograms, the Health Belief Model may be useful.
At the same time, physicians might use the Transtheoretical Model to inform their discussions with individual patients about getting a first mammogram or annual screening.
The Transtheoretical Model may be especially useful in developing smoking cessation interventions.
When trying to change physicians' mammography practices by instituting reminder systems, organizational change theories are more suitable.
Important Theories and Their Key Constructs
No single theory or conceptual framework dominates research or practice in health promotion and education.
The following are four of the most widely-used theoretical models of health behavior:
The Health Belief Model (HBM)
The Social Ecological Model
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)
The Transtheoretical Model/Stages of Change (TTM)
Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)
Social Ecology of Health Model
Theory at a Glance
Grant Writing Tips
Successful grant proposals require clear concise communication cannot be overemphasized. If the reviewers cannot figure out what you are proposing, they are not likely to fund your project.
Clarity is produced on several different levels:
The project must make sense.
The sections of the proposal must be organized and interrelated effectively.
Paragraphs must flow easily from one to another.
The sentences of a paragraph must be arranged in the correct order and must complement each other.
Sentences must be direct and understandable.
Grammar must be correct.
Words must be used appropriately.
Spelling must be correct.
There should be no typos.