journal entry

Quotation Sandwich

Sample: Journal 1

1. Quotation Sandwich (see image above) – two samples

According to Andrew Martin and Andrew W. Lehren, as the cost of college increased, borrowing the money to pay for school became more commonplace, with “10 percent [of borrowers] owing more than $54,000.” This is a crippling amount of debt for college graduates to carry. Comment by Davis: In this first example, the writer uses a signal phrase to introduce the source. Note that the signal phrase must include the first information that the reader sees in the work cited entry. If there is no author, then the signal phrase must provide the article title.

As the cost of college increased, borrowing the money to pay for school became more commonplace with “10 percent [of borrowers] owing more than $54,000” (Martin and Lehren). This is a crippling amount of debt for college graduates to carry. Comment by Davis: This is the same information, but using a parenthetical citation rather than a signal phrase. If your source includes page numbers, then page numbers must be provided in the parenthetical citation.

2. Paraphrase Comment by Davis: A paraphrase simply means restating the quote in your own words, keeping the original meaning.

Original: “With more than $1 trillion in student loans outstanding in this country, crippling debt is no longer confined to dropouts from for-profit colleges or graduate students who owe on many years of education, some of the overextended debtors in years past. Now nearly everyone pursuing a bachelor’s degree is borrowing. As prices soar, a college degree statistically remains a good lifetime investment, but it often comes with an unprecedented financial burden.”

Paraphrase: It has become nearly impossible, in this day and age, for the average American to come out of a four-year college without the weight of debt dragging him down. Before the expansion of student loans, this financial hardship existed in small circles of for-profit-college dropouts and graduate students but is now widespread amongst all persons pursuing a bachelor’s degree (Martin). Comment by Davis: Note the use of the parenthetical citation to identify the source so that readers can locate it in the works cited list.

 

Work Cited

Martin, Andrew, and Andrew W Lehren. “A Generation Hobbled by the Soaring Cost of College.” The New York Times, 12 May 2012, www.nytimes.com/2012/05/13/business/student-loans-weighing-down-a-generation-with-heavy-debt.html. Accessed 14 June 2019. Comment by Davis: A work cited entry must use hanging indentation and double spacing. Comment by Davis: Note that I require the last date of access for any electronic site.