grant proposal

Running Head: STRESS-INDUCED COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT 1

STRESS INDUCED COGNITIVE IMOAIRMENT 6

Stress-induced cognitive impairment

Lana Eliot

Psychology 625

Professor Beharie

January 24, 2018

Stress-induced cognitive impairment

Bondi, Corina O., Gustavo Rodriguez, Georgianna G. Gould, Alan Frazer, and David A. Morilak, (2008). Chronic unpredictable stress induces a cognitive deficit and anxiety-like behavior in rats that is prevented by chronic antidepressant drug treatment. Neuropsychopharmacology, 33 (2), 320-331.

Bondi Cornia, Gustavo Rodriguez, Georgianna G. Gould and their fellows have published an article named Chronic unpredictable stress induces a cognitive deficit and anxiety-like behavior in rats that is prevented by chronic antidepressant drug treatment in the year 2008. Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology is the source where this article is submitted. In this article, the authors have mainly given several dimensions that are associated with stress which associates primarily with the cognitive deficit, in this concern an experiment was done on rats. This research would be helpful for us for our medical projects related to stress and its correlation with cognitive abilities of human beings.

Joëls, Marian, Zhenwei Pu, Olof Wiegert, Melly S. Oitzl, and Harm J. Krugers (2006). Learning under stress: how does it work? Trends in cognitive sciences, 10 (4), 152-158.

Joëls, Marian, Zhenwei Pu, Olof Wiegert, Melly S. Oitzl, and Harm J. Krugers have published this research-based article in the year 2006 in the journal of trends in cognitive sciences. The central theme of this article moves around the concept of the consequence of stress on the learning ability of the individuals. In this article, it is also evaluated that the hormones of stress when released develops the transmitters in response to stress. This is an authentic article as is reviewed by expert authors so it could consider for a more profound study on the topic of Stress-induced cognitive dysfunction.

Luine, Victoria, Miriam Villegas, Carlos Martinez, and Bruce S. McEwen (1994). Repeated stress causes reversible impairments of spatial memory performance. Brain research, 639 (1), 167-170.

Line, Victoria, Miriam Villegas, Bruce S. McEwen and Carlos Martinez have published this article in the year 1994. The main ideology considered in this article is that the repeated stress has the impairments that are reversible and these could directly affect the spatial memory as the hormones inside the brain are released that negatively affects the cognitive ability of the individual. This article is authentic as the proper sources are given with the theory along with that it is reviewed by the scholars so it could be considered while working on the project related to stress-induced cognitive impairment.

Mizoguchi, K. Y. (2000). Chronic stress induces impairment of spatial working memory because of prefrontal dopaminergic dysfunction. Journal of Neuroscience, 20 (4), 1568-1574.

Mizoguchi, K., Yuzurihara, M., Ishige, A., Sasaki, H., Chui, D.H. and Tabira, T have published this article in the year 2000 and kept in Journal of Neuroscience. The central theme of this article is about chronic stress that directly affects the working memory as several chemical reactions occur inside the brain. This article is credible as the authors have broader experience in the field and they have provided detailed analysis on the topic along with the supporting evidence so it could be considered for the future project as well.

Sandi, Carmen (2004). Stress, cognitive impairment and cell adhesion molecules. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5 (12), 917.

Sandi, Carmen has published this article during the year 2004 naming it as cognitive impairment, Stress, and cell bond molecules in the Nature Reviews Neuroscience. In this article, the author has mainly demonstrated the inside brain chemical reaction that occurs when stress occurs it eventually affect the brain thinking process. This article is credible as the author has excellent experience also this report is reviewed by experts so it could be considered for the future project as well.

Shansky, R. M., & Jennifer, L. (2013). Stress-induced cognitive dysfunction: hormone-neurotransmitter interactions in the prefrontal cortex. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 4 (1), 7.

In the year 2013 Shansky, R. M., & Jennifer, L has published an article in Frontiers in human neuroscience. The primary focus of this article is on Stress prompted cognitive dysfunction in which the neurotransmitter of hormone interacts with prefrontal cortex which directly affects the memory. This topic is wide, and the resource is credible due to reviews of experts on this source so that this article could be helpful for us in our future projects on the same topic.

Song, Li, Wang Che, Wang Min-Wei, Yukihisa Murakami, and Kinzo Matsumoto. (2006). Impairment of the spatial learning and memory induced by learned helplessness and chronic mild stress. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 83 (2), 186-193.

Song, Li, Wang Che, Wang Min-Wei, Yukihisa Murakami, and Kinzo Matsumoto have published this article in the year 2006. This article mainly is based on the Impairment of the three-dimensional learning and reminiscence persuaded by learned powerlessness and chronic mild stress. This article is published in the Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior to help the medical individuals. It is a credible source so we can use it in our future projects as well.

Arnsten, A. F. (2009). Stress signaling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function. PMCID, 410–422. Arnsten in his article on “Stress signaling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function” states prefrontal cortex is the most important region of the brain that plays a vital role in cognition. The cognitive abilities of the person highly depend on this PFC. When our brain is exposed to even little stress that it faces architectural changes. These changes take place in prefrontal dent tries. This research paper present that how intercellular signaling pathways help in mediating the consequences of stress on prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, this research paper demonstrates that how environmental or genetic insults disinhibit signals of stress that leads to the development of signals. These signals provide indicators of reflective prefrontal cortical dysfunction that drives a man to mental illness (Arnsten, 2009).

Andrew Holmes, a. C. (2010 ). Stress-induced prefrontal reorganization and executive dysfunction in rodents. PMCID, 773–783.

Andrew Holmes along with his coworker performed research on “Stress-induced prefrontal reorganization and executive dysfunction in rodents.” In his study, he states that prefrontal cortex shows an executive part in selecting and processing information that controls the behavior of a person in response to this environment. Deficiency of these functions leads a man to mood swings, schizophrenia and anxiety disorder as well as addiction. That induces stress and trauma. Intense stress leads to a significant change in the remodeling of PFC. Due to deficiency of neuronal morphology deficit in executive functions have been recorded for example loss of working memory, set fluctuating, cognitive tractability along with emotive dysregulation (Andrew Holmesa, 2010). The research paper suggests that development in stress induces changes can help in regulating the changes in rodent’s dysfunction

Maroun, I. A. (2008). The Role of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex-Amygdala Circuit in Stress Effects on the Extinction of Fear. PMCID, 30873.

Maroun along with his followers in their research on “The role of the medial prefrontal cortex-amygdala circuit in stress effects on the extinction of fear. Neural Plast” states that exposure to stress depends on its intensity and duration that results in effecting the learning and cognition behavior of human. Gamma-aminobutyric acid plays a vital role in the transmission of signals with the prefrontal cortex and amygdala (Maroun, 2008). The results of this study explain that dysfunction of medial prefrontal cortex-amygdala circuit is due to the stressful experience that is induced by impaired extinction to a stressor.

Specific Aims:

The effect of stress on human beings is terrible that leads them to different diseases. The stress comes from environment and change in human behavior. Stress profoundly impacts or minds that leads to damages of prefrontal cortex which plays a prominent role in cognition (Andrew Holmesa, 2010 ). The cognitive abilities of a human being the effect a lot in the presences of stress. That leads to mood swings, schizophrenia and anxiety disorder. Hence, numerous studies are carried out on the stress-induced cognitive abilities (Joëls, 2006).

Intense stress and even the minor stress is responsible for changes in cognition impairment. It is responsible for significant changes in the remodeling of neurons. It also brings changes in neuronal morphology and effects the working memory of human beings (Luine, 1994). This study demonstrates that how stress-induced cognitive impairment affects the different areas of the brain (Maroun, 2008). The impact of stress on the human brain is studied under molecular basis induced changes. There is numerous significance of this study that includes how the brain is affected by stress and what stress causes cognition problems. It will further demonstrate how molecular basis changes the prefrontal cortex. It also gives details about pathophysiology and its association with dysfunction in neuropsychiatric diseases. Further strategies will also have introduced for its treatment that helps in overcoming stress-induced cognitive impairments.