HIST 122 ADE: AMERICAN HISTORY TO 1877 DISCUSSION 8

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Week Two

As the number of immigrants to America swelled, so did opposition to them. This 1891 cartoon blames immigration for causing a host of social and political evils.

As the number of immigrants to America swelled, so did opposition to them. This 1891 cartoon blames immigration for causing a host of social and political evils. (from Oxford University Press)

Politics and Empire

This week, we’ll continue to look at the impact of immigration on the nation and the changes in entertainment, the economy, and politics and how those affected American society. The economy will be a thread woven through these chapters. As the U.S. entered into an economic crisis in the 1890s, the country also began to grapple with the idea of colonialism.

Learning Objectives

  • Examine two political styles (partisan and volunteerism).
  • Identify and describe factors leading to the U.S. entering the world stage.
  • Examine the continuing issues of immigration.
  • Select a topic for a historical research paper based on primary and secondary sources.
  • Identify appropriate usage of the Chicago Manual of Style.
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Activities

Readings

  • Of the People with Sources: Chapters 17 and 18
Primary Sources
  • 17.4: Jacob Riis, Excerpts From “How the Other Half Lives”
  • 18.3: Theodore Roosevelt, Excerpts from “The Strenuous Life”
  • 18.4: Visual Document: Louis Dalrymple, “School Begins”

Note: Primary sources are available within your eText.

Multimedia

Websites
  • Looking for a Fight by Candice Millard (New York Times)
Videos

closed-captions Closed-captions are available.

  • Women Christian Temperance Union (PBS)
  • American Imperialism (Crash Course)
Flashcards
  • Chapter 17 Flashcards
  • Chapter 18 Flashcards
Self-Check Quiz
  • Chapter 17 Self-Quiz 1
  • Chapter 18 Self-Quiz 1

Note: Multimedia links are available under the "Multimedia" tab of this lecture.

Assigments

  • Discussion 2
  • Writing Quiz
  • Quiz 2
  • Research Paper 1: Topic Submission
  • Proctor Information
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Proctoring information is due this week to the appropriate Dropbox folder. See the Proctoring Module in the Content area for more information.

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If you have questions regarding any of these activities, make sure to post those questions in the General Discussion Forum.

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The United States on the World Stage

Prior to the late 19th century, Manifest Destiny meant having hegemony over all lands within our hemisphere, but with Frederick Jackson Turner’s frontier thesis, we were told that all the lands in the U.S. were taken, and the only way to expand would be to seek lands or colonies outside of our territory. This thesis went hand-in-hand with the economic and social health of the United States. Additionally, another theory supported by Alfred Mahan was that the only way to survive as one of the fittest nations would be to have a great sea power. With that came an increase in our Navy—and a need to have places around the globe to fuel that Navy. We all know we have the territory of Alaska, and Hawaii, and the need to set up fueling stations in Hawaii would lead to a military style take-over of those already settled lands. You might wonder what themes or reasons would support this argument. Consider the Four P’s: Profits, Patriotism, Piety and Politics.

On August 12, 1898, the flag of Hawaii over ʻIolani Palace was lowered and the American flag was raised to signify annexation.

On August 12, 1898, the flag of Hawaii over ʻIolani Palace was lowered and the American flag was raised opens in a new window to signify annexation. (Public Domain from Wikimedia Commons)

Profits
Business interests began to shape foreign policy. By 1900, the U.S. had moved from fourth in manufacturing to first. Our trade options in domestic markets were decreasing. The U.S. needed markets for goods. Remember that one of the original reasons for colonizing this country was to provide profits for the English trading companies.
Patriotism
By 1899, U.S. leaders began to believe the U.S. needed to compete with European nations for a seat at the table as world powers scrambled to gain power in Africa. Roosevelt believed economic interests should take a backseat to national pride and honor.
Piety
Religious leaders such as Josiah Strong argued that U.S. America was divinely commissioned to spread the blessings of political liberty, Protestant Christianity (this will be important in countries such as the Philippines), and civilization. By 1914, American Protestant missionaries reached over 5,000 missions in China. Many Chinese attended those religious schools and used those ideologies when it came time to revolt against the Chinese government.
Politics
The depression of the 1890s jarred national self-confidence. What better way to soothe those fears than to show the American people the opportunities for expansion and adventure, (remember, adventure is part of our DNA as a country.)

These four P’s will interact to influence the Spanish American War, the Philippine War, annexation, and the foreign policy of Teddy Roosevelt.

These are points to ponder. To understand where we're headed, it's important to understand what brought us here. Were these actions justified?

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Required Multimedia

Websites
Videos

closed-captions Closed-captions are available.

Flashcards
Self-Check Quiz
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Review

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