new project for Ann Harris
Running Head: REFLECTION: THEORIES INTO PRACTICE
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REFLECTION: THEORIES INTO PRACTICE 5
Reflection: Theories into Practice
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No Introduction
I need mored added to all of the strengths and weakness.
“Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of three (3) adult learning theories that you have studied throughout the course. Evaluate the soundness of each theory in the way it addresses its target learner audience, related teaching and learning environment, and the adult learning processes.”
Malcolm Shepherd Knowles was an American professor (1913-1997) who was known well for using the term andragogy, also known as adult education. Theories of adult learning offer in structural designers’ guidelines or a framework that develops content for adult learners who adult in diverse contexts.
Andragogy
As far as he Knowles was concerned, andragogy is the science and art that discusses any method of adult learning (Merriam, 2001). It is based on a five step model, four principles and five assumptions which aim to enhance self-directed theory. It sheds light on the significance of the experiences of adult learners as based of on future experiences of learning.
Strengths
Experiential Learning
Learning should not be content-oriented, it should be problem-centered ensuring that a learner builds upon their experiences.
Problem solving strategy
Also, it informs that a focus ought to be placed on learning which is relevant to learners who are adults during the course time.
Self-discovery
Learners get encouraged to recognize what they would like to explore and learn regarding diverse topics on their journey (Palis, & Quiros, 2014).
Weaknesses
Burdens fall on the initiative of the learners
Adult learners at time fall off-track and could lag behind thus diminishing their motivation losing relevance of significant issues.
Informal vs. formal education
Informal education is explained as what gets learned via self-directed learning or experience while formal education gets taught in school. Thus, these two are at odds with one another.
Experiential Learning
This theory got developed by Kolb David and denotes the learning process through reflection and experience. Its concept is that one can attain knowledge via experiences with no need of a teacher’s presence. Learners make meaning of their experiences by themselves (Merriam et.al, 2007).
Strengths
Capacity to apply knowledge immediately.
This approach offers an opportunity for individuals to put to use what they learn so as to solve challenges in the real-world.
Access to actual-time feedback and coaching
For one to attain expertise, one needs focus and practice coaching that gets based on what is normally observed at the time of practice.
Promoting communication skills and teamwork.
Numerous errors in the health care comprises breaking down teamwork and communication.
Weaknesses
Poorer test performances
Too much time devotion when it comes to learning causes several issues in case learners get tests that are standardized.
Unpreparedness of students
Most learners who undergo exercises of this learning feel disengaged since they are normally not ready for several reasons.
Transformational Learning
It was developed by Mezirow Jack was a professor and sociologist. It describes how students try making meaning of their capabilities. Learners therefore reflect on their familiarities with novel reintegration and roles.
Strengths
i. Training independently from others and at a personal pace.
ii. Attractiveness and interactivity of the content.
iii. Self-assessment at the end as well as during the course.
Weaknesses
Managing of the involvement and motivation in learning needs much effort.
Other than when it comes to blended learning, there is no direct contact with trainers.
“Develop your own adult learning theory in which you Indicate related theories to which you subscribe and thus have influenced your new theory. Justify your response.”
Probably, I would suggest the negative and positive reinforcements since I feel like it is both the fastest and easiest to learn. For instance, if an individual misbehaves, and you tell her or him to stop with a serious face, that is, negative fortification, with this, the child will undoubtedly quit this misbehavior.
2b: “Describe the target learner audience, related teaching and learning environment, and the learning processes that your new theory seeks to address.”
Transfer of learning as well as learning seem related since they both need an individual to remember info. If somebody learns something, it is correct to assume that the competencies, behaviors, attitudes, skills and knowledge to memory and remember it (Kearsley, 2007). If an individual uses learning transfer, they efficiently apply the work they have learned although they do this by remembering their skills and awareness.
2c: “Determine the primary manner in which your theory would serve a particular population.”
I think that my theory could focus more regarding topics discussed with learners. With learners and children differing in several ways, there are other commonalities across individuals of diverse ages. My theory focuses mainly on children being learners in that it demonstrates the weaknesses and strengths of kids who populate the schools of various nations and giving an opportunity to the learning development which does not get seen in the consideration of one’s expertise and patterns (Blondy, 2007).
2d: “Analyze the existing void within adult learning theories that your new theory seeks to fill.”
The discovering of how kids develop, adapt and grow within their locales enhances diverse styles of learning. Since it is the principle primary element in the development of humans. My theory aims at promoting learning, especially among children, that is, how it occurs via experience.
3. “Predict the future path of the field of adult education, and suggest whether or not existing learning theories—including yours—would address the challenges of serving a diverse adult learner population. Provide a rationale for your response.”
Institution that provide education ought to keep on adapting to the requirements of learners with the change in society (Kim, et.al, 2014). When it comes to adult education, schools as well includes as other learning institutions ought to adapt to novel environments of learning and get to the 21st century learners.
The future of this field pursues to put more emphasis on including the contemporary technology in the learning environment of classrooms. My theory of learning also use of technology that is web-based as well as the learning capacities of learners to help in their communication especially out of their learning areas.
4. “Recommend an approach to designing an inclusive theory for adult learning. Defend or challenge the following assertion: One inclusive theory would meet the needs of adult learners within McLuhan’s global village. Justify your response.”
Being among the most talked-off, most controversial and most acclaimed of the modern day intellectuals, McLuhan Marshall is best known for his coined phrase, "The medium is the message." That is, medium entrenches itself in any transmission thus conveying a relationship that is symbiotic in that this medium impacts how a message gets perceived (Wellman, 2018).
The “Global Village” is a manuscript by McLuhan. that got published nearly two decades ago. I support the assertion, “One inclusive theory would meet the needs of adult learners within McLuhan’s global village” because, imagine the huge variety of all world philosophies. Feel the taste of curry from India or listen to the beautiful drumbeats and music from Africa. Now, envision if all these and other beautiful aspects being composed to a single culture, interesting, right?
McLuhan came up with the term “global village” in the bid to explain the cultures and phenomenon of the universe expanding and shrinking simultaneously. Because of technological advances that are pervasive and which allow for culture sharing instantaneously. Also, I support this claim since there is a possible assertion for al societies globally to be a single village. Also, individuals believe that globalization of cultures eventually leads to a marketplace which is dazzling and all the economic opportunities of dissimilar states get represented (Genosko, 2017).
Conclusion
It is somewhat easy to offer educational critiques than providing practical applications and educational alternatives. Despite the learning process being complex generally, it is not entirely unpredictable and has a genuine importance to the advancement of technology and human culture. The population containing learners who are adults is heterogeneous. Writing instruction and optimal reading thus will change according to one’s linguistic and cultural backgrounds, neurocognitive profiles, interests, skill and knowledge and development of literacy.
References
Blondy, L.C. (2007). Evaluation and application of andragogical assumptions to the adult online learning environment. Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 6(2), 116-130
Genosko, G. (2017). McLuhan's Global Village Today: Transatlantic Perspectives. Canadian Journal of Communication, 42(2).
Kearsley, G. (2010). Andragogy (M.Knowles). The theory Into practice database. Retrieved from http://tip.psychology.org
Kim, R., Olfman, L., Ryan, T., & Eryilmaz, E. (2014). Leveraging a personalized system to improve self-directed learning in online educational environments. Computers & Education, 70,
Merriam, S. B., Caffarella, R. S., & Baumgartner, L. M. (2007). Learning in adulthood: A comprehensive guide (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Wiley.
Merriam, S. B. (2001). Andragogy and self-directed learning: Pillars of adult learning theory. Merriam, S. B. (Ed.), The new update on adult learning theory: New directions for adult and continuing education. (pp.1-13)
Palis, A. G. & Quiros, P. A. (2014). Adult learning principles and presentation pearls. Middle East African Journal of Opthamology, 21(2), 114-122.
Wellman, B. (2018). Networks in the global village: Life in contemporary communities. Routledge.