In-text citation is used to give credit to the source from which you have taken an idea or piece of information. Proper citation is important in order to avoid plagiarism.
There are two main methods to cite a source within the essay:
· Sentence Focus: In this method, write the sentence or idea you wish to express, then place the author’s last name and the year of publication within brackets at the end of the sentence.
Global warming is caused by increased industrial activity in the developed world (Smith 2016).
· Author Focus: In this method, you acknowledge the author first- last name only - followed by the sentence, then the year of publication within brackets at the end of the sentence.
According to Smith, global warming is caused by increased industrial activity in the developed world (2016).
In this method, you can use many different reporting verbs and phrases to acknowledge the writer, such as:
· According to/As reported by
· Smith asserts/shows/states/claims/suggests/reports/
Regardless of which method you choose, there are different ways to cite organizations and/or multiple authors:
· To cite an organization: If the source has no author, you must cite the organization.
· First citation: Use full name of organization followed by the acronym.
· All other citations: Use only acronym
According to the United Nations (UN), global warming is caused by increased industrial activity in the developed world (2016).
· To cite multiple authors:
· Two authors: Smith & Green
· Three authors: Smith, Green, & Allen
· More than three: Smith et al
Multiple citations for one source:
· First sentence, cite as normal
· Following sentences, refer back to first citation by saying:
· The report/study/article also states/says/shows/claims…
· The report/study/article goes on to say…..
· The authors added that…
FSP110 Revision No. 0
English for Engineering Revised by:
ELP
Created by: l.alammar © Australian College of Kuwait 2017 Page 1