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Today you will write your last argument essa): using documents in tJris chSS

DIRECTIONS: Answer the question in the box below based on;rour current knou'let{qe ond itfbnrrtrhbn}tDr the-

documents provided to you byyour teacher.ds;uu read close['ond nna-hre the docutnen*: trrke irtro

account both the ,rurrZ oyeiin document and rfte autlrorb point of vielu. Ee strru to do oll tf r&e foltowing before you attempt to cnswer t&e guesh'on ond lt"riteSuur

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1. Read the question belolv and think about rvhatyou ntay already }$rorr, abottt the topic Z. Analyze eich document provided to you carefully, underlinin$ key phmses aud

*ordr, as well as, taking notes that nright help ansrrcr the question belorr'.

N2IE: you moy write on each docunren[ and &Ike no&s ofinr;rornrnt fitJtrntttttfonJ 3. Determine the main idea of each docunrettt irttd thinkabout horv it nriglrt cotthtitt

information that relates to the question in the box belorr..

4, Based on your own knolvledge and the information in tire docutuetrts, develclp a claitn [thesisJstatementthatdirectlyanswerstheqtrestiotl.

S. Gather any relevant information from the docuutenls &s evidetrce t0 stlpport )totlr claim (thesis) staternenl Organize your thoughts into a gr.tphic otgrttti:.er.

6. Write i well-organized essay supportingyour claittt fthesis) stltemellL Be sttrt to write yor.

"rsry in a logical sequence thut rvill make sense to the ltltlrrr.

7, Include informition obtained from the documents', as r'l'ell as, yotlr otvn kttorvlc'dge. Be sure to cite each docunrent that you use in yotrr essi1l. poc. A, Doc. B, etc.)

Question - China's One - Child Policyr ll'hs it a good ielco?

Currisulum and lnstruction May d 2017 Office of Social Studies

Background EssaY

In 1949, after a civil war thathad lasted more than 20 years, Mao Zedong and his Communist

rovolutionar{es won sontol of China" Mao's revolution was based on the communist ideal of a classless sociefy in which wotkers control the

government.

At this time, China was a poor countty, having slogged tlu,ough years of war', disease,

and natural disaster'. Its population was the

Iargest in the world and growing. Howwould China feed and clothe

all of its peopleJ Against

the recommendations

of some of his advisors, Chairman Mao called for couples to havo even mole

babies. ,,Of al.l things in

the world," said Mao, "people are the most

precious." More peoPlo,

Mao thought, would mean

more workers, andBote workers would mean a

stronger China. Birth control was discouraged.

One of Mao's eatlY goals was to catch uP

economicaltY with richer

counft{es like the United

States, To this end,

people across the country

were forced to abandon

Ghina's One.Child Policy: Was lt a Good ldea?

and then, when theY did have kids, have onlY a

Chinak One-Child PolicY Minl'Q

few. Marchingbehind this banner, China cut its

fertility rnte in half between 19?0 and 1979. But

even ther5 Communist PartY officials feared that

China's populatior5 now close to onebillio&was

glowing too fast. Their solution was a

pro$am called the one'child PolicY' In general tflms, China's one-child PolicY

limited Cbinese couPles to one child each.

However, there were exceptions. First, the

policy onlY aPPlied to IIan Chinese, an ethnicitY that makes uP about 90

percent of the PoPulation. It did not aPpIY to minoritY ethnic groups, who were permitted two or even

tlu'ee c.hildren. Second, the policy was not absotrutelY fixed. The Party worried that there wouid soon be more oldpeople than youngpeople in China. Thi s possibil ity convinced the Party to allow urban residents who were single children themselves to have two kids. AIso" flre policy was not evenly enforced. In some places couples who broke the one-child law had to

pay large fines or were punished with forced sterilization and abortions. In other places, couples had two or even tfuee children without paying any penalties.

Finally, in 2015, the Chinese government abandoned the one-child policy in favor of allowing all couples to have two children. Had the proglam been worth it? This Mini-e sontains six documents. The docurnents cannottell the whole story but they do provide an introduction'Read the documents and answer the question before us: Chinab one-childpolicy: Was it a goodidea?

government lEg

farming and help create an indusuial China'

This movement, calied The Great Leap Forward,

included a program to build baclcyard fitrnaces

for making steel. But withtoo many fumaoes

replacing farrns, China faced food shortages'A

devastating famine killed an estimated 30 millioa

people.- it a result of this disaster, Mao changed his

mind about population and birth cont'ol and in

the late 1960s introduced the slogan "Latq Long

and Few." The idea was for couples to marry

late, wait a long time beforo having ohildrerS

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Chlna's Ono-Child Policy Mlnl-Q

Document A

Source: Population Oivlslon ot tho Dopartrnent ol Eoonomlcs and Soctal dtlalrs, Unlted Natlons, Wwld Populallon Prospecls: Tha n, 0 Bovrsbn

MILLIONS

Chlna'e Population Estimates foryears aner 2010 are based on Unitsd Natlon's mtd'bvol pro,lettlons.

Numbers arE rourdod to tho nearesl mlltlon.

,1400

1200

1000

800

600

200

400

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S S S .S,$ eu S .$? S S .S e* .$- -$ .S,uu *Chlna\ One€hlld PolicY beglns

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Document B

I Sounco: Feng Wang errd Cal Yong, Shina's One Child Policy at 30," Braokings, SeptembBr 24,2010,

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China's Ons-Chitd Policy Mini-Q

f (

Even before its inception, the one child policy was questioned for its necessity aad

its enormous social costs. At tho time of the policy's atrrot$tcement lin 1980], China had already achiev€d aremarkable ferlility reduction, halving the number of children per woman frorn 5.8 in 1970 b23 rn 1979. The one child policy, critics warned, would forrefirlly alter kin &lations for Chinese families, and result in accelerated agiog' , . ' To

enforce apolicy that is so extreme andunpopulal for families who relied on children for

latror and old age support, physical abuses and violence would be inevitable. . . .

China's one child policy may have hastened a fefiility decline that was already well

in prngresl but it is oot the main force accountiag for China's low fertility today, The claim by Chinese officials that &e one child policy has helped avert 400 million bifihs simply cannotbe substantiated by facts. Most of China's fertility decline occurred prior

to the one child policy. In countries without a forceful and costly policy as China's, birth

rate has decliaed with similar trajectodes and magnitude.

O?0rOThr DBO roEl 87

China's One-Child Poticy Mini-Q

Document C

Source: Jonathan Watts, "China's Qne-Child Policy Means Benefits lor Parenls-lf They Follow the Bules,n Tha Guardian, October 25, 2011.

Note: Sultur dloxlde is released by coaFburnlng powor plants. lt ls a major cause of asthma and bronchial lnlectlon and is a big contributgr to China's poor air quality.

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Li Tianhao has just given birth to a baby boy blessed with his mothet's nose, his father's mouth and an impressive ability to sleep tlu'ough even the loudest disturbance.

It is a slcill the newborn will be fortunate to maintain as he has been born in Henan, the most ctowded province in the world's most populousnation....

Yet he will prcbably grow up alone. Although Henan last year became the flrst provincs in China to registcr its 100 millionth resident - giving it a population bigger than any sountry il Europe - it also ciaims some of the greatest successes in taming demographic growtb through its family pianning policies.

This has not happened by accident' Henan

is one of the most environ:nentaliy stressed

areas of China with a quartil of the water and affih ofthe land per capita compared to the already low national aYerage.

Senior fa.rnily planners say this justifies

dgid restrictions. *'The large number of people has put very big pressule on all

resources, especially water," said Liu Shaojie vice ditector of the Population Commission in Henan. "Over 30 years of effort, we have put inplace a systematic ptocedure for controlling the population. That has eased

the impact on the environment. We are doing

gloriouswot'k,". . . Thispolicy was initiated primarily for

economic and education reasons, but it is increasingly cited as an environmental

blessing. According to Liu, the population controls have kept suLfrrr dioxide emissions

down by L7 .6% and [reduced] water pollutiou by 30.8%. Without [the one-child policy], he says, the avemgo pexon in Henan would have a third less laod and a quarter less forest.

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China's One-Child PolicY Mini'Q

Document D

source: susan Greenhalgh and Edwln A, wncltler, Governing chtna's Populallon'2Q05'

Teachers may photocopy lhis page for thek own classroorns. Digital reproduclion and postlng outside of DBQ Online is prohibited.

@ Per.hapsthebiggestbeneficiariesoftheone.childpolicyhavebeen

ur.ban singleton daughters. Theil parents'only treasule, sinse thc 1980s

single darighters in China's cities have enjoyed pr"ivileged childhoods

littie different from their male couuterparts. . . . WitU no brothers to

compete for their parents' attention and resourc€s, ' ' ' these teens have

been socialized to value educational ard caleer success and provided

tle resources with which to achieve it. [Agt]l'opologist Vanessa] Fong

argues that this generation of urban singleton girls has been empowered

to challenge some of the . ' , gender nolms that have long dominated

chinese life, . . , In cities such as shanghai and Dalian young wolnen

todayenjoyamaniagemar.ketthatfavorsbridesandajobmarket with attractive opportunities earmarked for "feminine" applicants'

Indeed, some of the hottest and best paying jobs in today's globalizing

social service economy (bilingual secretaries, pubiic relations, fashion

models) are open exclusively to young women with good looks and sex

appeal. .. . For these young women, the one-child policy seems to be a

real blessing.

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O 201 6 Ths DBQ Proj€ct 9'l

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Ghina's Ono'Child PollcY Minl-Q

Docuntent E

Sourca: Jene Golley, 'The Costs and BEnelits of Chlne's One'Child Potlcy'' The oonrrorsatlon' Novembgr 21 '

2013' f-

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Thc one-child pol'icy has unqtrestionably

caused fe'rlility to declinc more rapidly

thun it othenvise would have . . . and has

thercfore played a significant role in China's

dunographic trsnsition . . . explaining up to

or,"-qo*rt* of its pe'r copita GDP gmvvth in the

lnst ttrree decades. . . .

\[it]r that mPid GDP grotth has come bether nutrition, rising levels of educution,

looger lifr e.Spectancies, and higher living stsndards for the vast majority of Chinese

people-. ..- This is not to deny the substontial, and in

nuny cases inrmeasurablg costs of the policy'

. . . Aside fircm the obvious economic costs of

hrving mort dependents and fewer workers in

the population, the policy places a huge burden

oo .irGl. Chinese childlen at the bottom of the resulting'?-2-1" family structure (four'

grandpsrentg two parents and one child)'

Even nrorE consequtntiul is the dramatic

rise iu China's sex rutio at birth, the costs of luhich will be botne by an estimated 30 rnillion

or more Chincse nren lvho will be looking for a

wife in 2030 but unable to find one' The one'

child policy-in combinstion with a traditional

preference for sons and widesprcad access to

ultrusorrnd technology to detect gender' since

the mid-1980s-is at leost paltly to bletne'

Other significant emotional costs rpsult

fiom not being allolved to detennine yout

family's size, teing coetced into ternrinating

t..ona pregnancies, or giving birth to a second

child wiro is not allowed to euroll in school or

to access the healthcale system'

'Ullrasound technotogy enables doctors and - .-'rlt"nt" fo

"ue a piCture ot tho fetus when.it is ln th€

;;td;'"'woru. bome chinese parents choose to'uioti-t"tri"u tt at ultrasound shows to be female'

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Document F

Source: Jatme FlorCruz, "China Copes wlth Promlse and Perlls ol One-Child Policy," CNN, Octobor 28, 2011,

Xiao Xuan

The high cost of tho ohe-child policy is felt dccply by Beijing residcnt Xiao Xuan, an only-child daughter ofa college profcssor and shopping mall manager, Xiao, 22, says she was blessed with all the attention and resources showeled at her frorn childhood.

Still, she says, she had a mostly lonely childhood. "l used to cut myself on my wrist after being yelled at by my mom and dad because I didn't know who I should tallc to or tum to," shc says. o'I was like that for almost two years, but I am vely tough so I made it through."

"l hate to say it but the one-child policy should parlly be blamed for some social issues of youth today," she adds. "lt's been a ridiculous goverament intetference on family issues.n'

She wished she had a brother or a sister to

share all the attention.

China's One-Child Policy Mlni-Q

SourcE: Loulsa Lim, "Chlna's'Llil.le Emperors'Lucky. Yet Lonely ln Llie,' NPB, Nowmber 24, 2010.

A. J. Song

Note: An hlernet survoy ol 7,000 Chinese only childran between the ages of 15 and 25 Iound that 58 percsnt admitted to being lonoly. A maiority also de' scribed thornselvos as being selfish. However, many en- joyed being the "sun" around which the lamlly revolved. (Source: NPFI, November 24,201Q.)

"I really appreciate [being the] one child, especially from tre countryside," admits 23-year-oldA.J, Song, whose parents arc frorn the Gelao minority in Guizhou province.

"My parents, they give rne everything. I'm the center of attention in the family. My mother has seven brothers and sisters; my father has six brothcrs and sisters. Most of my parents'blothers and sisters have two kids.

The1, are all very jealous about me being the

only child," he says. Other Chinese research fi.nds advantages to

being an only child: They tend to score higher

on intelligence tests and are better at making ['iends, according to Chinese studies.

Song agrees, saying he believes only children care more about their friends. He says the extla investment paronts make in an only child is signifi.cant.

"If I had a sibling, I probably wouldn't be who I am now. Probably I'd still be in my small village, getting maried and having kids. If you havo more kids in your family, probably they'ro Iaoking in educatiory lacking food, lacking any kind of support, no matter emotional or financial. Basically, everybody is going to be average."

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