Literature islam last assignments

Ibn Taymiyyah

Ibn Taymiyyah (1263-1328) is a controversial thinker, but one that has had a major impact on the contemporary Islamic world.

He had a significant influence on the much later movements of Salafism and Wahhabism.

Salafism is a revival movement within Sunni Islam that originated during the nineteenth century. The name refers to advocacy of a return to the traditions of the "pious predecessors,” the first three generations of Muslims, who are believed to exemplify the pure form of Islam.

Wahhabism advocates a purification of Islam, rejects Islamic theology and philosophy developed after the death of the Prophet Muhammad, and calls for strict adherence to the letter of the Koran and Hadith [the recorded sayings and practices of the Prophet].

Sunni Schools of Jurisprudence

Hanafi

Maliki

Shafi’i

Hanbali

Ibn Taymiyyah belonged to the Hanbali school of jurisprudence which is considered to be the most strict.

Ibn Taymiyyah and the Political Context of His Early Years

The fall of Baghdad to the Mongols. This resulted in the destruction of one of the greatest Islamic cities in the medieval period.

Ibn Taymiyyah was surrounded by sufis. This is because Sufism was a mainstream branch of Islam at the time.

Ibn Taymiyyah attributed the fall of Baghdad to the innovations of the Sufi, Kalam, and Falsafa movements popular in the city at the time of the Mongol invasion.

He viewed all innovations as bad, even innovations interpreted a “good innovations.”

Ibn Taymiyyah Disagreed with Many Important Sufi Practices. These Include the Following:

He rejected the concept of fana (Eng: annihilation).

The Kalam and Falsafa traditions of proclaiming that God is beyond having human features.

The tradition of dhikr, or the recitation of the divine names of God.

Rejected the tradition of sama which is the tradition of playing music in a religious context.

And most notably, he rejected the practice of visiting the graves of saints.

He criticized the teachings of Ibn Arabi and his concept of the Unity of Being which was very popular in Islam at the time.

Ibn Taymiyyah was jailed three time throughout his life for the following:

1) Proclaiming that God had human features.

2) A dispute over divorce codes.

3) For criticizing the practice of visiting the graves of saints. He died in prison during this third time.