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Chapter 5: Responding with Initial Measures
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Microsoft, Inc.
Disaster Response and Recovery Second Edition
DISASTER RESPONSE AND RECOVERY Strategies and Tactics for Resilience
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Photo used by permission of FEMA.
Hazard Detection
• Senses • Feedback from field
personnel • Social media • Dispatch • Increased radio traffic • News media • Volunteers • Meteorological
services/scientists • Incident page network • Hospitals • Technology
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Initial Steps
• Seek additional information • Notify and Communicate with
others • Activate the Emergency
Operations Plan • Activate the Emergency
Operations Center (EOC)
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Issuing Warnings
• Warnings are advanced notifications that allow people to take measures to protect themselves and their property. You should be aware of: – Watches vs. warnings – Information provided in warnings – Complexity of warnings – Criteria for warnings – Liabilities – Official and unofficial sources
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Types of Warning Systems
• Sirens • Media • Emergency Alert System • Reverse 911 • Intercoms, teletype writers, telephone
devices, strobe lights • Loud speakers, Door-to-Door Notification
and Weather Radios • Social media • Cell phones/smart phones
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Warning Considerations
• Clarity and accuracy • Need for warning to be repeated and
consistent • Credibility of the source issuing
warnings • People’s perception
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Evacuation
• Evacuation is the movement of people away from potential or actual hazards for the purpose of safety. You should understand the difference between: – Horizontal evacuation vs. vertical
evacuation – Short-term evacuation vs. long-term
evacuation
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Means of Evacuation
• Walking • Automobiles • Buses • Boats • Helicopters/planes
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Evacuation Behavior
• People may not evacuate because they are: – Not aware of risk – Not take risk seriously – Warning is not clear – Fear of looting – Age – Size and make-up of family – Missing family members and pets
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Evacuation Behavior (cont.)
– Neighbor’s behavior – Experience – Education – Type of housing – Inconvenience – Fear of re-entry delays – Distance from the incident location – Other factors
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Evacuation Considerations
• Risk/vulnerability • The findings of decision aids • Expert and political opinion • Clearance times
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Evacuation Procedures
• Make the decision to evacuate • Notify the population at risk • Provide guidelines, instruction, and
directions • Direct traffic to avoid gridlock • Ensure compliance and continued safety • Monitor the evacuation and traffic • Determine what steps need to be taken to
help notify the population on when to return to their community
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Sheltering
• Sheltering is the location or relocation of evacuees and others to a place of refuge.
• Shelter may be needed for victims and responders alike.
• Sheltering in place is sometimes the best protective action recommendation.
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Photo used by permission of FEMA.
Types of Sheltering
• Emergency sheltering
• Temporary sheltering
• Temporary housing • Permanent housing
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Shelter Use and Characteristics
• Seen as last option for most people • Shelters have higher use:
– In cities – When publicized – In large disasters – Time of occurrence – Socioeconomic status – Age
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Establishing Shelters
• Work with government agencies, the American Red Cross, the Salvation Army, and other groups
• Locate the shelter in a safe area • Avoid potential problems/ensure
adequate staffing and supplies
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Summary
• After identifying a hazard, you must issue a clear and consistent warning. Warnings are followed by evacuations, and evacuations require sheltering. Successfully performing these functions helps initiate response and recovery operations.
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• Disaster plan • Increased readiness • Emergency alert conditions
system • Partial activation • EOC • Sheltering • Evacuation • Syndrome • Full activation surveillance • Hazard detection • Vertical evacuation • Horizontal • Warning
evacuation • Watch
Key Terms
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herein.
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