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6/29/2021 Lesson 7: Application Activity
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Lesson Objective
At the completion of this lesson, you should be able to successfully apply key course concepts in a scenario-based activity.
Through the scenario, you will have the opportunity to:
Determine incident complexity and incident typing. Determine EOC objectives. Determine appropriate level of EOC activation. Determine staffing requirements for the EOC. Describe information requirements for situational awareness and decision support. Identify appropriate EOC actions to support resource management. Identify considerations for deactivating the EOC.
The scenario for this activity takes place in Liberty County.
Liberty County is located in the fictional State of Columbia, on the Atlantic Coast between Canada and Mexico.
Liberty County is primarily rural with large tracts of forests, grazing lands, and farmlands.
The population of the county is 302,412. Almost half of the population resides in Central City, and another quarter of the county’s permanent residents live in four smaller cities: Fisherville, Harvest Junction, Kingston, and Bayport.
Liberty County government includes a Sheriff’s Department, Emergency Management Center, Public Health Department, Public Works Department, and Board of Schools. The county infrastructure includes a dam and reservoir, a seaport, and two airports.
Liberty County Map
Lesson 7: Application Activity
Scenario: Liberty County
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Central City is the county seat for Liberty County and houses a population of 149,000. It is a diverse city with industrial areas, commercial areas, multi-family housing complexes, and single family sub-divisions.
Central City government includes a Fire Department, Police Department, and Public Works Department. The city has a separate School District, four Hospitals, and Two Universities.
Central City
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You are a member of the emergency management community within Liberty County.
Your Role
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You are senior supervisory level person in the EOC during this incident. In this activity, you will apply what you have learned in this course to choose the appropriate EOC actions to support the initial response by the Incident Command.
The Liberty County Fairgrounds are located northwest of Central City. Fairgrounds Avenue, the southern boundary of the fairgrounds, is one street north of the city limits, within the jurisdiction of Liberty County.
The indoor and outdoor facilities at the Liberty County Fairgrounds are utilized throughout most of the year.
It is the week of the annual Liberty County Fair and Rodeo. This event is hosted at the fairgrounds and attracts several thousands of visitors daily.
Liberty County Fairgrounds
Liberty County Fair and Rodeo
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Early in the evening large crowds fill the 127 acre complex. People stream to and from the parking areas; traffic is congested; and the Midway area, outdoor stage, and Grandstand are filled to capacity.
Small elements of the County Sheriff’s office, the Central City Police Department, the Central City Fire Department and County Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are located in and around the fairgrounds to provide for public safety at the event. These organizations are operating cooperatively, but no centralized incident command structure has been established.
At about 5 p.m., a large truck traveling fast heading west on Fairgrounds Avenue veered off the road, jumped the curb near the fairgrounds entrance, and passed through the crowd. The vehicle stopped when it collided with an exhibit hall next to the outdoor stage.
A few moments later, as the crowd began to react, the large truck caught fire. Several people were injured as the tanker truck passed through the crowd. The scene was chaotic as some attempted to flee and others tried to help.
Public safety personnel on scene, law enforcement, fire, and EMS responded immediately to the incident. Both the Central City and Liberty County Emergency Operations Centers were notified of these events.
At the time of the incident, the city and county EOCs were at a normal/steady state activation level. EOCs are assessing any additional resources or other support required for the incident. The State of Columbia EOC is at normal/steady state activation level and has not yet been notified of this incident.
Tanker Truck Crash
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It is now 5:15 pm, 15 minutes after the incident began.
The Central City Fire Department established Incident Command.
Several single resources such as fire trucks, ambulances, and law enforcement have responded to the incident.
The incident is anticipated to be resolved within a few hours (a single operational period).
The Incident Commander has identified the following hazards:
Vehicle fire with a potential to spread to structures Potential for explosions if the fire encounters fuel or compressed gas cylinders Damaged utilities that could harm incident survivors and responders Potential structural collapse of the building hit by the tanker truck
The identified safety concerns include:
Harm to survivors or responders from the hazards Injured people unable to self-evacuate from the immediate area of the fire Uninjured people fleeing the incident scene Traffic congestion that restricts responder vehicle access to the incident
You should recall from this course that a useful way of characterizing incidents is by Incident Typing based on complexity.
Incidents are categorized into five types based on complexity. Type 5 incidents are the least complex and Type 1 incidents are the most complex.
Factors that impact the determination of incident type include size of the ICS structure, number of resources employed, and the length of time the incident response is anticipated to last.
Establish Command
Hazards and Safety Concerns
Incident Typing
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Review the following definitions and determine what Incident Type is appropriate for the incident in this scenario.
TYPE 5 INCIDENT: One or two single response resources with up to 6 response personnel, the incident is expected to last only a few hours, no ICS Command and General Staff positions activated TYPE 4 INCIDENT: Several single response resources required, response will be limited to one operational period, select ICS Command and General Staff activated only as needed TYPE 3 INCIDENT: Resource requirements will exceed the initial response resources, may extend into multiple operational periods, some or all ICS Command and General Staff are activated TYPE 2 INCIDENT: Regional or National resources will be required, the incident will extend into multiple operational periods, most or all ICS Command and General Staff positions are filled TYPE 1 INCIDENT: National level resources are required, the incident will extend into multiple operational periods, all ICS Command and General Staff positions are utilized and Branches need to be established
Incident Typing (Continued)
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Clocks do not depict the length of the incident.
EOCs are activated for various reasons based on the needs of a jurisdiction, organization, or Incident Commander; the context of a threat; the anticipation of events; or in response to an incident.
The level of activity within an EOC often grows as the size, scope, and complexity of the incident grow.
Based on your assessment of Incident Type, what would you recommend as an appropriate activation level for the Liberty County EOC?
Activation Level Description
3 Normal Operations/Steady State
Activities that are normal for the EOC when no incident or specific risk or hazard has been identified Routine watch and warning activities if the EOC normally houses this function
2 Enhanced Steady- State/Partial Activation
Certain EOC team members/organizations are activated to monitor a credible threat, risk, or hazard and/or to support the response to a new and potentially evolving incident
1 Full Activation EOC team is activated, including personnel from all assisting agencies, to support the response to a major incident or credible threat
As you increase your EOCs activation level to Level 2 partial activation to better support the incident, you receive additional information about media attention to the incident.
Numerous first-hand reports of the incident are on social media. One local TV station was on- scene when the incident occurred, but has not yet interrupted normally scheduled programming to report on the incident.
The incident has not yet been reported through online news sources but the EOC is receiving initial media inquiries.
It is anticipated that there will be reporting on this incident by the news media no later than the next news cycle at 6 pm.
You also receive information from the Incident Commander on incident objectives.
Activation Levels
Media Attention
Incident Objectives
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The Incident Command has not yet developed a written IAP for the incident.
The Incident Commander identified the top priorities were to evacuate and treat the injured personnel. He identified the following initial incident objectives:
1. Evacuate all injured personnel from the vicinity of the crashed tanker truck to the on-scene medical personnel within 15 minutes (by 5:30 pm)
2. Provide on-site triage, stabilization, and hospital transport for incident survivors within 30 minutes (by 5:45 pm)
3. Extinguish vehicle fire within 30 minutes (by 5:45 pm) 4. Mitigate leaks of flammable fuels and compressed gas to prevent expansion of the fire
within 1 hour (by 6:15 pm) 5. Establish a controlled perimeter around the incident within 45 minutes (by 6 pm) 6. Manage traffic on Fairgrounds Avenue, C Street, and E Street to ensure responder access
within 30 minutes (by 6:45 pm)
From this course you have learned that the primary functions of staff in EOCs include:
Collecting, analyzing, and sharing information Supporting resource needs and requests, including allocation and tracking Coordinating plans and determining current and future needs In some cases, providing coordination and policy direction
We will explore these functions from your perspective as the supervisor in the Liberty County EOC.
As the EOC supervisor, you must direct the actions of the EOC staff. This includes defining what the EOC staff should be focused on.
Think about what you know about the incident and the Incident Commander’s objectives. Then, based on your knowledge of EOC functions, develop some initial guidance, or objectives, for the EOC staff.
Incident Objectives
1. Evacuate all injured personnel from the vicinity of the crashed tanker truck to the on-scene
EOC Functions
EOC Objectives
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medical personnel within 15 minutes (by 5:30 pm)
2. Provide on-site triage, stabilization, and hospital transport for incident survivors within 30 minutes (by 5:45 pm)
3. Extinguish vehicle fire within 30 minutes (by 5:45 pm)
4. Mitigate leaks of flammable fuels and compressed gas to prevent expansion of the fire within 1 hour (by 6:15 pm)
5. Establish a controlled perimeter around the incident within 45 minutes (by 6 pm)
6. Manage traffic on Fairgrounds Avenue, C Street, and E Street to ensure responder access within 30 minutes (by 6:45 pm)
Collecting, analyzing, and sharing information is an EOC function.
EOCs need appropriate information to develop and maintain situational awareness and to support decision making.
Remembering that the EOC is supporting the incident, what important information do you assess the EOC should be seeking for this incident?
Supporting resource needs and requests and planning for current and future needs are functions of EOCs.
The Incident Commander has identified the following additional incident resource requirements that must be met:
Ambulances with medical personnel Fire trucks with firefighter personnel Law enforcement for traffic control
These are resource requirements that can currently be met using the internal resources of Liberty County and Center City.
The EOC is in partial activation and resource requests are increasing so resource requests will now be handled by the EOC.
At this point in the scenario, do you see any actions related to resources that the EOC can take to support the incident?
You can see that anticipating requirements is important for an effective EOC.
In this course, you learned about the Operational Period Planning Cycle, a sequence of meetings and briefings followed by the Incident Command to develop an Incident Action Plan for the next Operational period.
Incident Information Requirements
Incident Resource Requirements
Incident Action Planning Process
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As the Incident commands is established, the Incident Commander informs the EOC that the following ICS functions were activated:
A Public Information Officer (PIO) to interface with the media and others needing incident information. A Safety Officer to monitor incident operations and advise the Incident Commander on health and safety. An Operations Section to plan and perform tactical activities to achieve the incident objectives. A Logistics Section has not been established, but a staging area manager was designated under the Operations Section to meet the incident’s initial resource management needs.
The Incident Commander did not establish Planning, Intelligence/ Investigations, Logistics and Finance/Administration because he assessed they were not needed based on the size, complexity, and expected duration of the incident.
Incident Command Structure
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Acting as the EOC supervisor, you have set objectives and determined your initial information and resources support requirements.
Now that you understand what you are trying to accomplish and what support is needed for the Incident Command, you need to think about how to ensure that your EOC structure will meet the support requirements.
There are several NIMS Management Characteristics that can be applied to determining the appropriate EOC staffing for an incident:
Manageable Span of Control: The EOC structure must be of a sufficient size to assist the EOC director in effectively supporting the incident. A key to this is controlling the number of subordinates or functions that each supervisor manages. Modular Organization: What pieces of the EOC structure are needed to support the incident? Think ahead to the next operational period because what you need then often must be asked for now.
The Liberty County EOC uses an ICS-like EOC Model. You are in the position of the EOC Director. The EOC is at a partial activation and you have limited staff.
Review the EOC Graphic and select two other functions that - based on what you know about the incident and the EOC role - you assess should be prioritized to be filled with available staff.
EOC Staffing
EOC Staffing (Continued)
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Keep in mind that all of these functions will be needed – the question here is what functions will need the greatest level of staffing at this point in the incident?
It is now just after 6 p.m. and the situation appears to be contained and improving.
There were over a dozen casualties and one death. All casualties were successfully stabilized and transported to local hospitals.
The vehicle fire initially spread to the building, but was extinguished before it could spread to surrounding structures.
The crowds are under control, but traffic has not yet completely cleared from the area and continues to slow the ingress and egress of emergency management resources.
The vehicle driver was located and the origin and contents of the large truck have been identified. Concerns that this could have been an intentional act or that the truck could have been transporting something hazardous have been eliminated.
This incident is decreasing in complexity and will transition to recovery.
Based on the scenario update, what are some considerations for deactivating the EOC?
As the EOC Director, assess the following items:
Incident Command Nature and magnitude of the incident Hazards and safety concerns Priorities and resource requirements EOC activation level and staffing
Scenario Update
EOC Deactivation
Lesson 7 Summary
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This concludes the scenario based activity for ICS 2200.
In this lesson, you applied key course concepts from this course in a scenario based activity including:
Determine incident complexity and incident typing. Determine EOC Objectives. Determine appropriate level of EOC activation. Determine primary functions of EOC staff. Determine staffing requirements for the EOC. Describe information requirements for situational awareness and decision support. Identify appropriate EOC actions to support resource management. Identify considerations for deactivating the EOC.