Anthpology

Your Name

Professor Henninger-Rener

Physical Anthropology

Date

Trait	Paranthropus bosei Example	Australopithecus afarensis	Homo habilis	Homo erectus	Homo neanderthalensis	Homo sapien
Living time period	2.4-1.4mya
Famous fossil example	Zinj skull
Brain size range	400-500 cc
Facial traits	Sagittal crest, thick supraorbital ridge and zygomatic arches leading to a wide face. Large, thickly enameled teeth and a large jaw. Some prognathism
Changes to upper & lower body related to locomotion	Long arms and long/curved fingers with a triangle rib cage indicate arboreal living. Angled femurs, bowl shaped pelvis, toes in line, and arch in foot indicate bipedalism.
Tool tradition and examples	No known tool use, but species at the same time used a tradition called Lomekwian made of anvils and core tools.
Social & cultural behavior	Little know. Since there is sexual dimorphism, it is argued they likely lived in polygynous groups

In 1-2 pages, not including cover page or chart, please answer the following questions: What trends/patterns do you see across ALL species in the following rows: brain size, facial traits, and changes in upper/lower body as they relate to locomotion? Why may these trends have been adaptive for human survival?

Example: In the area of tool traditions, a trend that I noticed is that the tool traditions gradually include a larger number of diverse tools. For instance, for Australopithecus afarensis the tools are limited to cores and flakes with sharp edges. As new species evolve, tools types become more numerous (cores, flakes, and hand axes for Homo erectus, cores, flakes, hand axes, lissiors, and spear heads for Homo neanderthalensis; etc.). Having a variety of tool types would have been adaptive for humans to take advantage of different food resources for survival, to reduce the time and danger it takes to get food, and to allow for greater protection with weaponry.

Begin your write up on the top of the next page.