help for biology
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Carbohydrates |
Proteins |
Nucleic Acids |
Lipids |
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Monomers “building blocks”
Examples: |
Monosaccharides Ex. glucose
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Amino acids |
nucleotides |
Triglycerides (1 glycerol + three fatty acids) |
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Di- - joined together by dehydration synthesis |
Dissaccharides
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Fats |
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Polymer - joined together by dehydration synthesis |
Starches Cellulose
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Protein molecules and large subunits |
DNA or RNA |
Fats
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Function in Living Organisms |
Short term energy
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Enzymes in body Immunity Digestive enzymes Structural Helps speed up biochemical reactions
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Long-term energy storage
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Carbohydrates |
Proteins |
Nucleic Acids |
Lipids |
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Monomers “building blocks”
Examples: |
Monosaccharides “simple sugars”
Examples · glucose · fructose
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Amino Acids
20 different ones Examples · Leucine · Serine · Aspartic acid |
Nucleotides
Three parts of a nucleotide · pentose sugar · Phosphate group · 1 of 4 nitrogenous bases |
Fatty Acid chains Phosphate groups
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Di- - joined together by dehydration synthesis |
Disaccharides - two monosaccharides joined together
Examples · Maltose · Sucrose · lactose |
Dipeptide - two amino acids joined together with a peptide bond
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Dinucleotide - two nucleotides joined together
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Polymer - joined together by dehydration synthesis |
Polysaccharides · Starch – storage in plants
· Glycogen – storage in animals
· Cellulose – component of cell walls
· Chitin – exoskeleton of insect and crustaceans
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Polypeptide
4 Levels of Structure · Primary – sequence of amino acids · Secondary – alpha helix or beta pleated sheet · Tertiary – three-dimensional shape · Quaternary Structure – more than one polypeptide chain |
Polynucleotides
DNA · double-stranded · double helix · located in nucleus RNA · Single-stranded · Many forms · Located in nucleus and cytoplasm |
(do not form polymers)
Triglyceride
Phospholipid
Steroids
Waxes |
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Function in Living Organisms |
Function of Glucose: Raw materials Main fuel for cells |
Structural Protein Defense – antibodies Signaling - hormones Receptors; Transport; Storage |
Basis of heredity “codes” for proteins |
Storage of energy Protection Insulation Hormones |