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HIV/AIDS

WHAT IS HIV?

• Stands for human immunodeficiency virus

• Can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS if not treated

• Human body can’t completely get rid of HIV, even with treatment. S

• Once infected with HIV, you have it for life

WHAT IS HIV?

• Attacks the body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells)

• Reduces the number of T-cells in the body

• More likely to get other infections or infection-related cancers

• Over time, HIV can destroy so many of these cells that the body can’t fight off

infections and disease

AIDS

• The most advanced stage of HIV infection is Acquired Immunodeficiency

Syndrome (AIDS),

• Can take from 2 to 15 years to develop depending on the individual

• Defined by the development of certain cancers, infections, or other severe

clinical manifestations

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

• Vary depending on the infection stage

• People with HIV are most infectious the first few months of disease

• Many, though, are unaware until later stages

• First few weeks: no symptoms or a flu-like illness

• As infection progresses: swollen lymph nodes, weight loss, fever, diarrhea and cough

• Without treatment: can develop severe illnesses such as tuberculosis, cryptococcal meningitis, severe bacterial infections and cancers such as lymphomas and Kaposi's sarcoma

TRANSMISSION

• Can be transmitted through the exchange of a variety of body fluids from

infected individuals

• Blood, breast milk, semen and vaginal secretions

• Cannot become infected through contact such as kissing, hugging, shaking

hands, or sharing personal objects, food or water.

RISK FACTORS

• Unprotected anal or vaginal sex;

• Having another sexually transmitted infection

• Syphilis, herpes, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and bacterial vaginosis

• Sharing contaminated needles, syringes and other injecting equipment

• Receiving unsafe injections, blood transfusions, tissue transplantation, medical

procedures that involve unsterile cutting or piercing

• Accidental needle stick injuries

HIV/AIDS BURDEN

• Approximately 38.3 million people worldwide living with HIV/AIDS at the end

of 2021

• Of these, 1.7 million were children under 15 years old

• Approximately 1.5 million individuals worldwide became newly infected with

HIV in 2021 (4,100 new infections per day)

• 160,000 were children under 15 years of age (11%)

• Most of these children live in Sub-Saharan Africa

• Were infected by their HIV+ mothers during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding

HIV/AIDS BURDEN

• Approximately 85% of people living with HIV globally were aware of their HIV

status in 2021

• Remaining 15% (~5.75 million people) are not aware and thus may

unknowingly be spreading HIV

• AIDS-related deaths reduced by more than 66% since the peak in 2004

• In 2021, 650,000 people died from AIDS-related illnesses worldwide

• Compared to 1.4 million in 2010 and 1.9 million in 2004

HIV/AIDS BURDEN

• Majority of people living with HIV are in low- and middle-income countries

• In 2021, there were:

• 20.6 million people living with HIV (54%) in eastern and southern Africa

• 5.0 million (13%) in western and central Africa

• 6.0 million (16%) in Asia and the Pacific

• 2.3 million (6%) in Western and Central Europe and North America

HIV/AIDS IMPACT

Affects the health of individuals, it impacts households, communities, and the development and economic growth of nations

Many of the countries hardest hit by HIV also suffer from other infectious diseases, food insecurity, and other serious problems

SUCCESSES

• Due to global efforts, the number of people newly infected with HIV has

declined

• Number of people with HIV receiving treatment in resource-poor countries

has dramatically increased

• Progress in preventing HIV mother-to-child transmission

• In 2017, 80% of pregnant women living with HIV had access to antiretroviral

medicines

• Prevent transmission of HIV to their babies

• Up from 47% in 2010

JOINT UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME ON HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)

• Leads the global effort to end AIDS as a public health threat by 2030

• Since 1996, UNAIDS has led and inspired global, regional, national and local

leadership, innovation and partnership

• UNAIDS provides strategic direction, advocacy, coordination and technical

support

• Connect leadership from governments, the private sector, and communities to

deliver life-saving HIV services

• Without UNAIDS, no strategic vision for the AIDS response

• UNAIDS has offices in 70 countries, and a budget of US$ 140 million for 2018

WHO RESPONSE

• Global Health Sector Strategy on HIV for 2016-2021

• Five strategic directions that guide priority actions by countries and by WHO

over the next six years

• Cosponsor of UNAIDS

• WHO leads activities on HIV treatment and care, HIV/Tuberculosis co-

infection

• Coordinates with UNICEF to eliminate mother-child transmission

U.S. RESPONSE

• U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief

• Focused on five core priorities

• Creating gender equity for adolescent girls and women:

• Delivering on commitment to reduce HIV burden in children

• Ensuring human rights

• Using data to control the epidemic

• Strengthening partnerships through transparency and accountability

• Support HIV/AIDS efforts in more than 50 countries, ensures access to services by all populations, including the most vulnerable and at-risk groups

THANK YOU