two different one page essay
Feudalism, Social Orders, and Political Reorganization
New Styles of Kingship and Political Organizations
Political Re-organization, 800-1000s
England
| Strong forms of Kingship |
| Alfred the Great (r. 871-899), King of the Anglo-Saxons King Cnut (r. 1017-1038 |
| Translation of religious works into Anglo-Saxon Conversion to Christianity Reform of the Legal System |
| Centralization of Power Cultural ties with Scandinavia Spread of Christianity, conversion of Viking invaders |
| Tenuous royal control |
Political Re-organization, 800-1000s
Frankish Kingdom (West Francia)
| Weak but prestigious Kings |
| Hugh Capet (r. 987-996) inaugurates Capetian Dynasty |
| Royal rituals: anointing and coronation ceremonies Paris established as the capital of France, important cultural, economic, and intellectual center |
| From strong forms of rulership and centralized authority to weak forms of rulership and decentralized authority |
| Internal fragmentation, limited royal authority |
Political Re-organization, 800-1000s
Germany (Holy Roman Empire)
| Strong kingship |
| Otto I, (r. 936-973), King of Germany, King of Italy, and Emperor since 962. Otto II (r. 973-983) Otto III (r. 983-1002) |
| Ottonian Renaissance: Spread of education and learning (including women) Adoption of Arabic numerals Production of manuscripts Byzantine influence |
| Political gains during the Carolingian era remained under the Ottonians |
| Adopted primogeniture and patrilineal succession, thus avoiding division of the state. Strong polity |
Political Re-organization, 800-1000s
Iberian Peninsula (Christian Iberia)
| Warrior Kings |
| Alfonso the Great (r. 848-910), founder and ruler of Kingdom of Leon (first Christian Kingdom in Muslim occupied Iberia). |
| Knighthood culture, strong military ethos Poem of “El Cid” (Famous Castilian who conquered territories from Muslims) |
| Christian rulers continued to expand onto Muslim territories in a process known as the Reconquista (Reconquest) |
Political Re-organization, 800-1000s
Italian Peninsula
| Different polities: Communes and City-States controlled by a number of families Factional politics Strong Papacy |
| Pope Sylvester II (r. 999-1003) |
| Adoption of Arab number system and arithmetic Revival of liberal arts curriculum Most sophisticated culture due to mercantile activities |
| Emergence of communes and city-states with shared governance |
| Political fragmentation |
Discussion question
Based on what you know about feudalism and politics in this period, in what ways is this map depiction of the distribution of power in Europe around 1050 deceptive?