In Python

import tkinter import time class graphics: def __init__(self, w, h, title): ''' Initialize the graphics object. Creates a new tkinter Tk object, and a tkinter Canvas object, placed insize the Tk object. ''' self.primary = tkinter.Tk() self.primary.title(title) self.primary.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d' % (w, h, 50, 100)) self.canvas = tkinter.Canvas(self.primary, width=w, height=h, highlightthickness=0) self.canvas.focus_set() self.canvas.pack() self.mouse_x = 0 self.mouse_y = 0 self.images = {} self.frame_count = 0 self.__handle_motion() ''' BEGIN PRIVATE FUNCTION(S) ''' def __handle_motion(self): ''' Ensure mouse x and y coordinates are updated when mouse moves. ''' def motion_action(event): self.mouse_x = event.x self.mouse_y = event.y self.canvas.bind('<Motion>', motion_action) ''' END PRIVATE FUNCTION(S) ''' def resize(self, width, height): self.primary.geometry(str(width) + 'x' + str(height)) def text(self, x, y, content, fill='black', size=17): ''' Draw text on the canvas. Must always specify the text, x, y position. Can optionally specify the fill color and size. ''' text = self.canvas.create_text(x, y, text=content, fill=fill, font=('Arial', size), anchor='nw') self.canvas.move(text, 0, 0) def set_left_click_action(self, callee): ''' Call the callee function whenever the left click happens. callee should take two parameters, the mouse x and mouse y coordinates. ''' def left_click_action(event): callee(self, event.x, event.y) ''' <Button-1> is the left-most mouse button ''' self.canvas.bind('<Button-1>', left_click_action) def set_right_click_action(self, callee): ''' Call the callee function whenever the right click happens. callee should take two parameters, the mouse x and mouse y coordinates. ''' def right_click_action(event): callee(self, event.x, event.y) ''' <Button-2> or <Button-3> is the right-most mouse button. Both are set just in case ''' self.canvas.bind('<Button-2>', right_click_action) self.canvas.bind('<Button-3>', right_click_action) def set_keyboard_action(self, callee): ''' Call the callee function whenever a keyboard key is pressed. callee should take one parameter, a char representing the key. ''' def keyboard_action(event): callee(self, event.char) self.canvas.bind('<KeyPress>', keyboard_action) def get_color_string(self, red, green, blue): ''' accepts three ints that should represent and RGB color. Returns a hex string''' hex_string = hex(red)[2:].rjust(2, '0') + \ hex(green)[2:].rjust(2, '0') + \ hex(blue)[2:].rjust(2, '0') return '#' + hex_string def triangle(self, x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, fill='black'): ''' Draw a triangle. The three corners of the triangle are specified with the parameter coordinates. ''' r = self.canvas.create_polygon(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, fill=fill) self.canvas.move(r, 0, 0) def line(self, x1, y1, x2, y2, fill='black', width=3): ''' Draw a line. The two ends of the line are specified with the parameter coordinates. ''' r = self.canvas.create_line(x1, y1, x2, y2, fill=fill, width=width) self.canvas.move(r, 0, 0) def ellipse(self, x, y, w, h, fill='black'): ''' Draw an ellipse on the canvas. Specify x, y (center of ellipse) and width / height. ''' r = self.canvas.create_oval(x-(w/2), y-(h/2), x+(w/2), y+(h/2), fill=fill, outline='') self.canvas.move(r, 0, 0) def rectangle(self, x, y, w, h, fill='black'): ''' Draw a rectangle on the canvas. Specify x, y (top-left corner) and width / height. ''' r = self.canvas.create_rectangle(x, y, x+w, h+y, fill=fill, outline='') self.canvas.move(r, 0, 0) def image(self, x, y, up_scale, down_scale, file_name): ''' Draw an image on the canvas. Specify x, y (top-left corner) and width / height. ''' if file_name not in self.images: self.images[file_name] = tkinter.PhotoImage(file=file_name) self.images[file_name] = self.images[file_name].zoom(up_scale, up_scale) self.images[file_name] = self.images[file_name].subsample(down_scale, down_scale) i = self.canvas.create_image(x, y, anchor='nw', image=self.images[file_name]) self.canvas.move(i, 0, 0) return self.images[file_name] def update(self): ''' Does an idle task update and regular update. ''' self.primary.update_idletasks() self.primary.update() def frame_space(self, frame_rate): ''' Sleeps for a time that corresponds to the provided frame rate. ''' sleep_ms = 1.0 / float(frame_rate) time.sleep(sleep_ms) def update_frame(self, frame_rate): ''' Updates and sleeps. This should be called at the end of each iteration of a users draw loop. ''' self.update() self.frame_space(frame_rate) self.frame_count += 1 def clear(self): ''' Clears the canvas. ''' self.canvas.delete('all')