Biology Urgent Assignment 21

DNA & “Flugal” Genetics Worksheet

DNA Isolation Experiment: You have completed the isolation of DNA from onion cells. Questions: Insert a picture of the DNA “gelatinous sludge” below. If the picture won’t insert, just turn it in directly to the assignment box along with this sheet. (iPhone users, no HEIC allowed.) Which of the chemicals in the process removes the plasma & nuclear membranes? Which of the chemicals in the process removes the proteins from the DNA?

Flugal Genetics Experiment #1: Segregation of Eye Color (Black vs White) Using the Heredity I simulator program, you have mated Flugals of two different eye colors. Questions What were the phenotypes and numbers of your first offspring (F1)? Which parents (P) did they look like? You have mated Flugals with different alleles for eye color. Which allele was dominant? What is the definition of dominant? Your next mating will take males and females from this generation (F1) and mate them together to make the next generation (F2). Write a simple hypothesis for what you think the F2 children will look like. For example, will there be a difference between males and females? What was the actual outcome of the mating? Did you get what you expected? Was there a significant difference between males and females?

Experiment #2: Segregation of Tails and No Tailless Using the Heredity I simulator program, you have mated Flugals with and without tails. Questions What were the phenotypes and numbers of your second generation offspring (F2)? Calculate a proportion for each by dividing the number of Flugals with the phenotype by the total number of Flugals. Create Punnett Squares for the F1 and the F2 offspring. Use “T” and “t” to represent the alleles. F1 offspring F2 offspring

Experiment #3: Independent Assortment of Eye Color and Tail In this experiment, you have mated a parent with black eyes and no tail with a parent that has white eyes and a tail. As you answer these questions, remember to add together male and female numbers so that sex is ignored. Questions What were the phenotypes and numbers of your first generation offspring (F1)? Calculate a proportion for each by dividing the number of Flugals with the phenotype by the total number of Flugals.

What were the phenotypes and numbers of your second generation offspring (F2)? Calculate a proportion for each. Now recalculate the proportion of eye phenotypes alone (ignoring tails). Do the same for tail phenotypes alone (ignoring eyes). Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment allows us to consider each trait individually. Create a Punnett Square for the F2 offspring eyes (A & a) and another one for their Tails (T & t). Do you see the ratios you expected based on counting eyes alone or tails alone? F1 Offspring F2 Offspring

For each of the four eye/tail phenotype combinations you saw at the beginning, multiply the proportion for that eye phenotype by the proportion for that tail phenotype. Do you get approximately the same proportions you counted in the beginning of this cross?

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2. Which of the chemicals in the process removes the proteins from the DNA:
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5. will look like For example will there be a difference between males and females:
6. significant difference between males and females:
7. Flugals:
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9. proportion for each:
10. phenotypes alone ignoring eyes:
11. approximately the same proportions you counted in the beginning of this cross:
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