Dis - Resp
Internet of Things
Neil postman’s questions
University of Maryland Global Campus
HUMN 344
Part 6- Final Project
Anup Prashad Joshi
4/06/2021
Internet of Things is all the buzz today. We are talking about smart cars and smart homes; almost everything is getting smart nowadays.
Greetings.
Introduce presenter (myself).
Welcome everyone.
Let’s talk about internet of things (IoT) and how it affects us.
1
What is Internet of Things (IoT)?
Term first used in 1998 (Radu)
7.6 billion active devices in 2019 (PR Newswire)
Neil Postman (1931-2003) (Sowin)
Fig 1: 5 ways to implement IoT for the benefit of your business (Nandi)
Brief history: “The first use of the concept was in 1998, by Kevin Ashton” (Radu, par. 1).
According to a 2019 survey, there were 7.6 billion active IoT devices (PR Newswire, par. 2)
Internet of Things (IoT) consists of a large number of devices and sensors that connect and “talk” to each other using various methods like the internet, Bluetooth, z-wave, etc.
A journal article has characterized IoT devices “by their ubiquitous network connectivity, data sharing, remote monitoring and interaction among themselves and/ or humans (Albert, et al. 42).
Provide examples of the devices like smartphones and watches and IoT devices at home and the picture.
A note about Neil Postman- An American critique and educator who considered technology a double-edged sword (Sowin).
Like any technology IoT has both positive and negative aspects.
Thesis: This presentation will explore the impact of IoT in our culture while answering Neil Postman’s questions regarding technology.
2
Why IoT?
First question: What is the problem for which this technology is the solution?
Problem described in terms of usage of IoT in various fields.
IoT is used to improve industry efficiency in production and quality control to minimize loss. (Nižetić, et al. 3).
IoT is implemented to build smart cities to improve daily services like transportation and utilities like water management and electric grid management (Nižetić, et al. 3).
IoT is used in the retail industry to help collect crucial data, increasing productivity and profitability (Cong et al. 24).
IoT is used in healthcare to improve service quality and patient safety leading to potentially higher life expectancy (Nižetić, et al. 5).
IoT devices are used by consumers for various purposes like monitoring and utilizing appliances efficiently, reduce utility costs by monitoring and controlling usage, and secure homes using sensors and security devices. IoT also helps consumer improve quality of life by simplifying or automating tasks.
IoT is used in transportation to make travel efficient and safer by increasing comfort, improving safety with smart signal management, smart parking, etc. (Nižetić, et al. 7).
3
Inefficient manufacturing, quality issues and loses.
Traffic and utility management issues in cities.
What sells, how people buy ?
Lonely patient and medical emergency.
Did you forget to arm your home ?
Vehicle accidents, parking issues.
There is a solution for….
Second question: Whose problem is it?
Refer to whose problem.
Transportation: Vehicles that talk to each other to avoid accidents. Smart parking facilities to manage space, control and monitoring issues (Nižetić, et al.).
Consumer: Utility device management, security system management, automation, smart home.
Utility Companies: Smart power grids, waste management, water management (Nižetić, et al.).
Industrial Sector: Smart communication between “machines and operators” (Nižetić, et al.).
Retail: Inventory control, real time sales trend, higher profitability.
4
Transportation industry
Consumers
Utility companies
Industrial Sector
Retail Businesses
Who does it hurt?
Fig 2: What you can do with your unwanted e-waste (Augustis)
Fig 3: Robots replacing human jobs (Arora)
Third question: Which people and what institutions might be most seriously harmed by a technological solution?
Implementation of IoT in manufacturing and other industries could result in less need for human workers causing loss of employment in multiple sectors (Constantinescu 71).
Examples- A warehouse where robotic machines are moving stocks.
The overuse of resources and increasing e-waste from IoT devices could negatively impact the environment (Nižetić, et al. 23, Radu 28).
Examples. Used phones, computers, sensors, batteries and new ones that replace them.
5
Environmental Issues
Human job loss
Issues with the IoT
Fig 4: Image from PowerPoint for Mac
Fourth Question: What new problems might be created because we have solved this problem?
The data-sharing nature of IoT devices has caused privacy issues for consumers.
Data trafficking is highly profitable for persons or companies involved (Barker).
Some companies “collect, store and sell personal information about users to advertisers” and monetize customers’ privacy (Hennessey, par. 6).
Ethical issue: Lack of privacy protection is sometimes intentional for economic gain (Gianmarco et al. 907).
Women less concerned about security than men (Albert et al.)
Unsecured IoT device has led to increased frequency of hacking incidents (Barker).
If one of the devices in a network is unsecured and hacked, hackers can potentially gain access to the whole network (Barker).
Hackers have gained access to devices like baby monitors or security cameras causing serious privacy breaches and safety issues (Hennessey, par. 9).
6
Privacy
Device security
More Issues….
Data breaches have resulted in identity theft causing serious grief to the victims (Barker).
Due to the lack of regulations companies do not have to notify consumers of data breaches (Barker).
IoT has increased the potential for government spying on private citizens (Hennessey, par 11).
Manipulation of user data could have potential political and economic implications.
7
Identity theft
Spying and snooping
Data manipulation- Ethical concerns
Economic and political benefits
Data Source: PR Newswire
Fifth Question: What sort of people and institutions might acquire special economic and political power because of technological change?
IoT is rapidly growing with significant financial implications for the manufacturers of devices as well as some users.
IoT generated a total revenue worth $465 billion in 2019 which is expected to grow to $1.5 trillion in 2030 (PR Newswire, par. 4).
Consumer IoT devices are expected to generate $652 billion for corporations (PR Newswire, par. 7).
8
IoT Revenue
2019 2030 (Estimated) 465000000000 1500000000000
.....Economic and political benefits
The ability to access private data can give power to the government or other entities to manipulate such data.
Consumer behavior data collected by retail and other industries lead to economic benefit for such industries.
Data collecting and processing companies like Amazon, Facebook, Apple, etc. benefit economically from consumer data while giving them the potential to wield political power.
9
Higher profits from consumer data
Data collection agencies know too much.
Changes in our language
Hey Siri, are you talking to me?
Fig 5: Person talking to a smartphone (Ramirez)
Sixth question: What changes in language are being enforced by new technologies, and what is being gained and lost by such changes?
Human beings are talking to IoT devices like Siri, Google, Alexa, etc. as if they are a real person.
The communication between IoT devices is referred to as "talking" regardless of their ability to actually talk.
People are giving IoT devices, like robots, pet names, and refer to systems as "things coming alive" (El-Khoury).
10
Conclusion
Summarize:
IoT is rapidly growing with huge benefits to users, companies that employ such devices.
IoT comes with challenges and impacts on users, the environment, and human behavior.
Implementation of security practices is needed to make IoT secure and better for mankind.
Blockchain technology could be used as a potential solution to reduce breaches in the future (Barker).
Laws are needed to regulate IoT and the data industry to protect consumers from harmful practices and employ accountability.
11
IoT is growing fast.
Challenges call for better practices.
Regulations needed.
Works Cited
Albert, Leslie J., et al. "Gender and Generational Differences in Consumers' Perceptions of Internet of Things (IoT) Devices." e-Journal of Social & Behavioural Research in Business, vol. 10, no. 3, Dec. 2019, pp. 41-53, https://eds-b-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.umgc.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=10&sid=49c0b441-a8fe-42b6-a0ba-6b5e9b214531%40pdc-v-sessmgr01. Accessed 23 Mar. 2021.
Arora, Vikas. Robots replacing human job. Photograph. www.peoplematters.in, 21 Oct. 2016, www.peoplematters.in/article/hr-technology/i-dont-see-a-robot-replacing-an-employee-at-mcdonalds-14338. Accessed 23 Mar. 2021. Creative Commons CC BY-SA-NC
Augustis, Geoff. What you can do with your unwanted e-waste. Photograph. www.bundabergnow.com, 10 Jan. 2020, www.bundabergnow.com/2020/01/10/recycle-your-old-technology/. Accessed 23 Mar. 2021. Creative Commons CC BY 4.0
Barker, Rose. "Internet of Things: Are Smart Devices Helping or Harming?" YouTube, TEDx, 5 Apr. 2018, www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipdTLJcIkWI. Accessed 23 Mar. 2021.
Cong, Lin W., et al. "Internet of Things: Business Economics and Applications." Review of Business, vol. 41, no. 1, Jan. 2021, pp. 15-29, https://eds-a-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.umgc.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=3&sid=3928d69e-6cfa-4ada-a895-eb46e221b68c%40sdc-v-sessmgr03. Accessed 23 Mar. 2021.
Constantinescu, Eleonora M. "The Internet of Things. Between Efficiency and Privacy." Knowledge Horizons / Orizonturi ale Cunoasterii, vol. 7, no. 4, Oct. 2015, pp. 69-71, https://eds-b-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.umgc.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=2&sid=43a23839-2efb-4d73-a01b-655ecd57f643%40pdc-v-sessmgr02. Accessed 23 Mar. 2021.
El-Khoury, Rodolphe. "Designing for the internet of things." YouTube, TEDx, 8 Oct. 2013, www.youtube.com/watch?v=tcUvg9jcfG8. Accessed 23 Mar. 2021.
Gianmarco, Baldini, et al. "Ethical Design in the Internet of Things." Science & Engineering Ethics, vol. 24, no. 3, 1 June 2018, https://eds-b-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.umgc.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=5&sid=43a23839-2efb-4d73-a01b-655ecd57f643%40pdc-v-sessmgr02. doi:10.1007/s11948-016-9754-5. Accessed 23 Mar. 2021.
Hennessey, Matthew. "Siri, Why Do I Feel Like I'm Being Watched? The Internet of Things will soon be ubiquitous. That means you can kiss your privacy goodbye." The Wall Street Journal (Online), 10 Aug. 2018. https://www-proquest-com.ezproxy.umgc.edu/docview/2086420186?accountid=14580. Accessed 23 Mar. 2021.
Nandi, Sunit. "5 Ways to Implement IoT for the Benefit of Your Business." Photograph. www.technofaq.org, 25 Feb. 2020, technofaq.org/posts/2020/02/5-ways-to-implement-iot-for-the-benefit-of-your-business/. Accessed 23 Mar. 2021. Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Nižetić, Sandro, et al. "Internet of Things (IoT): Opportunities, issues and challenges towards a smart and sustainable future." Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 274, 20 Nov. 2020, https://eds-b-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.umgc.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=5875537e-2bad-45d7-a718-391dc2906904%40sessionmgr103&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#AN=S095965262032922X&db=edselp. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122877. Accessed 23 Mar. 2021.
PR Newswire. "Global IoT Market Will Grow to 24.1 Billion Devices in 2030, Generating $1.5 Trillion Annual Revenue." PR Newswire US, 19 May 2020. https://eds-a-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.umgc.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=3&sid=20c9383c-51eb-4275-9c5b-8e3f10907fd4%40sdc-v-sessmgr02&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#AN=202005191127PR.NEWS.USPR.IO11886&db=bwh. Accessed 23 Mar. 2021.
Radu, Laura-Diana. "Environmental Issues in Internet of Things: Challenges and Solutions." vol. 14, no. 1, 2018, pp. 20-32, https://eds-b-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.umgc.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=036e16e3-a0ac-4750-9e65-861a98c8e657%40sessionmgr101&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#AN=edsdoj.22d4c1fbd96d42b0b63f6bec14e4f99d&db=edsdoj. doaj.org/article/22d4c1fbd96d42b0b63f6bec14e4f99d. Accessed 23 Mar. 2021.
Ramirez, Vanessa B. Person talking to a smartphone. Photograph. www.singularityhub.com, 13 Feb. 2017, singularityhub.com/2017/02/13/talking-to-a-computer-may-soon-be-enough-to-diagnose-illness/. Accessed 23 Mar. 2021. Creative Commons CC BY-ND 4.0
Sowin, Josh. "All The Things You Never Even Knew You Wanted To Know About Neil Postman." NeilPostman.org, 2005, neilpostman.org. Accessed 23 Mar. 2021.