4 Essays

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Architecture in our Life

There are a lot of things in the world is important and we cannot live without, but there some important than others. It is depending how the human live and what he needs. Architecture is important in our life. And it is changes a lot of things and the way we live. Also, it made some changes on the earth.

Adolf Loos focused how is the earth is beautiful, and he described the lake when it is Blue, and you can see the sky how beautiful it is. Also, how are mountains and trees being made from God and the human cannot do something even close like that. By his words you feel of the beauty of the earth like you imagine you are in the place and you see what he is describing. He is looking at the place in architect’s way and how is created. And he is describing how does the place show the peace and beauty no more. Everything created by God not from the peasant nor the engineer. The joiner takes the measurements for doors and windows and all the other things they needed, then the go to their workshops and started the work. His goal was to build a beautiful house for himself and his family and he succeeded.

Inside of the house have many of different materials like velvet and silk and columns and moldings. He said “how ugly and joyless our lives are! And they gathered together everything from the old cultures, established them in museums and said, look, that is true beauty. You have been living among wretched ugliness.” (Adolf Loos, 41). With the time everything is changing. Like in the past people covers everything in their body with tattoos from the face and body down. And it is a way to design and make the body beautiful, but today the way using and people thinking is different. Tattoos is a sign of degeneration and the criminals who using it. The architects can make ideas and styles of the buildings that in the past, but it will lose all the contact with the time. “The master of today can works well as any master of any age. But the contemporary of Goethe could no longer make ornaments. So those who had the new warped ideas were sought out and placed before the masters as guardians.” (Adolf Loos, 42). So, the architects took everything from the books, and the ideas from the past and to the present day.

The arts have many connections and every art leads to the other like the arts begin with the graphic art and that shades off into painting. And from that the arts goes to the plastic art and from plastic art we have now architecture. The way that arts leads to each other and starts from gothic to the architecture, but it is now having a different end of the lines. Many arts worked out on the drawing boards as well as the architecture. And for the detailing of the building it can be seen in architect which of the pencil they going to use pencil number 1 or pencil number 5. “The marks of the drawing pen have produced an epidemic of squares. No window frame or marble slab remains unmarked in the scale of 1:100, and bricklayers and stone-masons must hack out this graphic nonsense in the sweat of their brows.” (Adolf Loos, 43). Also, the color of the pen is matter and makes a different.

The period of the time from the past it was a change without precedent in our cultural history. Also, the style of the houses is changing, and it is different styles with different times. For example, it is different between the house of the fifteenth and the house of the seventeenth century. “That is not a great deal. The one was of blue clothe and had gold buttons. The black tailcoat is in the style of our time. No one can deny that. The new movement, in its arrogance, omitted to reform our clothing.” (Adolf Loos, 44). The clothes stayed in the same style, but with a little different of changing on it.

There are different between the house and the art. The house is part of the owner and it should be comfortable for him. The house is private thing, but the art is not. Also, there are more and more differences like a house needs a supply and the work of art is answerable to no one. “The work of art is revolutionary, the house conservative. The work of art points man in the direction of new paths and thinks to the future. The house thinks of the present. Man loves everything that serves his comfort. He hates everything that wants to tear him away from his secure and safe position and is burdensome.” And that’s showed us the man loves the house and hates the art.

The buildings are part of the world not of the painting or carving. Building is the main of the art. And all other arts come after the building. “That which is built, however, stands in the sun, in the wind, and in the rain. Its environment is not its enemy, but its playmate. And only the art of building can play with the great existing wonders around us.” (Adolf Loos, 45). Everything in the building is matter angular or curvilinear, smooth or ornamented, blunt or sharp edged, light or dark. The elements and the architecture are the only thing that directly deals together.

The glass architecture is a big deal but the European not quite ready for it. The idea of the glass architecture is simple, and it is understandable if it is presents like Scheerbart in the light gayest optimism. It is not a crazy way to do a glass architecture it is just a new of culture. “No material overcomes matter to such an extent as glass. Glass is a completely virgin material; to produce it, matter has been melted down and transformed. It has the most elementary effect of all we possess. The glass reflecting the sky and the sun as the water reflecting them. And it comes with a lot of colors, and shapes that can control to make the building beautiful. And it has different quality. All the other materials when it is comparison with the glass it is seeming to be derivative or trifling merely man mad. The glass has an extra super human quality. European is fears that the glass architecture might become uncomfortable. “Glass architecture rules out the dull vegetative state of jellyfish like comfort in which all value become blunted and worn, and it substitutes a state of bright alertness, a daring activity, and the creation of ever fresher, even more beautiful values.” (Adolf Behne, 76). Glass architecture will eliminate all harshness from Europeans and replace it with tenderness and beauty.

Our culture is a product that related to our architecture. “Glass architecture that lets the sunlight and the light of the moon and stars into our rooms not merely number of walls that are made entirely of glass.” (Adolf Behne, 32). The earth surface would change if the brick architecture were everywhere changed with glass architecture. It is like the earth wearing a jewellery. That is absolutely is unimaginable beautiful and we should have on the earth more things than the garden of the Arabian Nights. We should have on the earth paradise and would not need to gaze longingly at the paradise in the sky.

Iron construction makes it possible to give the walls any form that may be desired. Walls does not need to be vertical anymore. The dome effects up above to displace the sides, so when you look at the sideways of it and upwards in order to observe the dome effect. Also, the curved surfaces are also affect in the lower part of the walls and that easy to achieve in smaller rooms. The smaller rooms are completely and totally no need to be vertical. The ground plane in architecture is important as well as other parts of the building. And the design of the outline of the building is important. “No doubt a terrace formation is necessary in taller glass building and with several storeys, since otherwise the glass surface could not reach the free light-conducting air, to wich they aspire, since in darkness they can fulfil their purpose only at night not during the day.” (Adolf Behne, 33). These information of the storeys will quickly replace the dreary frontal architecture of brick houses.

Eighty years a go the steam railway came along and transformed the whole surface of the earth. The earth is going to be transfer to a glass architecture. When it is come it will transfer the earth surface naturally. The glass architecture will come only when the world done with a metropolis. “We shall nevertheless be justified in supposing that to begin with we may attain that which is accessible to us-to wit, that part of the spectrum which we are able to perceive with our eyes, those miracles of colour which we are capable of taking in.” (Adolf Behne, 33). The thing that will transform our life is the glass architecture and that will transfer the surface of the earth.

Finally, the German want to change the culture and they focused on the future instead of Italian they focused on the present. Architecture is play a big part of the earth and it makes a lot of change on it. All the arts are related to each other, but the architecture is the important one.

Works Cited

Adolf Loos, 41, History & Theory of Architecture III: 20th Century & Contemporary Architecture, “Architecture, 1910” Fall 2018, Print.

Adolf Loos, 42, History & Theory of Architecture III: 20th Century & Contemporary Architecture, “Architecture, 1910” Fall 2018, Print.

Adolf Loos, 43, History & Theory of Architecture III: 20th Century & Contemporary Architecture, “Architecture, 1910” Fall 2018, Print.

Adolf Loos, 44, History & Theory of Architecture III: 20th Century & Contemporary Architecture, “Architecture, 1910” Fall 2018, Print.

Adolf Loos, 45, History & Theory of Architecture III: 20th Century & Contemporary Architecture, “Architecture, 1910” Fall 2018, Print.

Adolf Behne, 76, History & Theory of Architecture III: 20th Century & Contemporary Architecture, “Architecture, 1910” Fall 2018, Print.

Adolf Behne, 32, History & Theory of Architecture III: 20th Century & Contemporary Architecture, “Architecture, 1910” Fall 2018, Print.

Adolf Behne, 33, History & Theory of Architecture III: 20th Century & Contemporary Architecture, “Architecture, 1910” Fall 2018, Print.

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Assignment 3

Traditional architecture unlike contemporary or modern-day architecture focused greatly on issues of large value, and aesthetics as compared to other issues presented by modern day architecture for example strength of materials and limitation of costs during the undertaking of a project in architecture. It described in the Le Corbusier articles for example clearly indicates that architecture has shifted its focus to engineering. The engineer has more responsibilities and one of these includes bringing forth the beauty in an architectural structure by use of mathematics or calculations and application of economy. Traditionally, this was the work of the architect. They using their imagination and creativity to inspire emotions in people viewing their works. This creativity would translate to aesthetic values seen in most old structures in Rome and Italy where great artists constructed museums and exhibitions.

Use of brick and stone was the norm during old architectural times. Currently, use of reinforced concrete (iron, steel and concrete) is the trend. The focus seems to have shifted to these methods with emphasis on strength of the structure and economics going into the construction. It is indeed true that architecture has really evolved, from the simple forms where beauty lied in simplicity to emphasis on complexity, strength of structures and the cost of undertaking an architectural project.

Once upon a time, beauty and aesthetic value in architecture laid in simplicity, the guiding principles in a lot of designs and forms of architecture was how light-struck objects and the perceptions this created, things have however greatly changed. Le Corbusier describes this as a past form of architecture. The beauty of architectural designs and forms now lies in something else in the styles of construction, in complexity of a structure and so on. The evolution experienced in this field has shifted to iron and cement in place of structure and decor as in Le Corbusier’s own words.

Contemporary architecture is afraid of the constituents of geometry. Architecture is about planning and ensuring the implementation of this plan. It is about the application of concepts of geometry which will indeed solve modern day challenges in the field of architecture. According to the lessons from Rome, the article puts emphasis on what the traditional architecture was about regarding the passion and emotions generated by architectural forms. The surface and exhibited forms of architecture were because of the inner and underlying forms and material utilized in coming up with the architectural forms.

Our perception of architecture has since been corrupted by things we see rather than what we feel when experiencing and viewing a form of architecture. We are driven closer by that which we see whereas architecture is about evoking our inner emotions on the state of an architectural form. It is about being in synchronization with the creators of the structure. The modern day architectural forms do not answer to our pure desires and needs. They do not feed to the beauty and imagination of people but rather satisfy only physical needs of shelter for example.

A different perspective on modern day architecture is supported by people in Italy for example who deny that concrete can attain the desired artistic beauty. However, it is argued that concrete can indeed attain the aestheticism desired aside from what commonly people view it for as a rigid and ugly form of architecture. Concrete has brought a new taste to the construction industry and this is absent in the minds and perceptions of many people who view it as a tool to corner architecture into just economy and strength of structures.

Modern day architecture has adopted the use. For example, concrete to fix flaws in construction and cater for the need to have stronger structures perhaps because of the experience of wars and disruptions all over. The simplicity in architecture has been replaced by need for stronger structures, longer lasting structures and value for money, a lot of constructions nowadays base their designs on the lifespan of the structure, its resistance to forces of nature and its ability to satisfy physical needs rather than inner needs. This is considered as beauty in contemporary architecture.

In conclusion, concrete provides solutions to what older architecture could not achieve and that is strength. However, it would be a catastrophe not to agree to the fact that architecture is an art and beauty in art lies in simplicity. It is true that contemporary art has moved its focus to concrete which is complex and hard to sculpture. For example, A lot could be said on issues of the underlying beauty in iron and cement for example that it brings new taste to the industry and is used to hide flaws and connect parts in construction that traditional architecture could not achieve. However, it is paramount to note that when talking about architecture; adoption and consideration of strength, geometry and calculations over simplicity, emotions and perceptions, the effects of light as it strikes objects and exhibition of art so that the surface brings forth inner emotions is a fallacy, it is a lie.

References

Corbusier, L. (2008). de livre: Vers une architecture. Editions Flammarion.

Lau, L. K. (2011). The International. The International.

Shryock, A., Smail, D. L., Earle, T., & Poinar, H. (2011). Deep history: The architecture of past and present. Univ of California Press.

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Modern Architecture

The aftermath of world war two opened the door a the different type of architecture and ideology it led to a new sense of development and historical restoration of different volume. There was a choice of rebuilding or repairing what was availed and thus a window into the actual struggle of the common people into understanding wealth, economy and business. It is that became easier to understand the idea of freedom in expression. There was string want to shift from the aristocratic rule and an almost a new urge to rebel against anything that symbolized. This led to the evolution of architecture with more focus on the interest aspect that the beauty of the structure. In this way, modern architecture became more symbolic and functional spec as it shifted to go higher and higher to capacity every economic situation of the people. As result, there is a sudden change from the more concentration of artist in design, art pieces and curves in building to a sound structure and strength that was evident from the change. The strength of change was fast that growth has been fast over the years and shifted more and more in the utilization of small spaces in design elements and a lack of luster in terms of the visual presentation.

Sometimes the level of design is an element that should be considered relative as it implies what preference are the more best elements that the other. In this way, there cannot be a comparison of old and new architecture. Therefore, everything remains in its place and at its time that best in quality depending on the moment of its existences. As result, there cannot be any piece that is looked down upon nor considered to be of more importance than the rest and in this way, the concern will be in cherishing of the development in value and in consideration of elemental needs (Venturi, 1966). Hence a more competitive at the present age to outdo the other within its capacity leading to more superior consideration of the time that may leave a legacy for the continuation within the next decade or timeline.

Therefore, defining the culture of architecture will not be based on the human growth and evolution element rather than the type of function of structure and the advancement in terms of the application of elements that define the building. It will speak more of the science and art of architecture rather than representation of a group of people existing at the time. However, it is hard to consider this, but slow globalization of the economy and the community at large is making it possible with the fact that there is a need for purpose rather than flourish. This need will, therefore, lead to focus on spate pieces that become more of the outspoken prowess of time keeping architecture a science and art that does not conform to the norm hence scarcity will provide into rarity of pieces and hence a cherishing of the luxury and efforts towards its construction and advancements.

Robert Venturi’s position in Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture (1966), points to modern architecture as being mature in a position to validate the self-actualization of people who live in it. This idea limits the fact that there is a considerable outlook in term of what is being prioritized over the other. The fact that the author suggests an understanding of the complexity in simple terms with modern architecture shows a rather lack of understanding of the idea of structure and art. The venture has only looked form the perspective of functional space and the value that is put in space as a commodity failing to understand the implication of design in the most basic way. There is no growth without understanding that a gap must be there to be filled. Agreeing that modern architecture is the epitome of design would mean that there is no growth, or the expected result would be deterioration of standard. In optimal use of space, there is the technological component and the material of building that is taken it on the account. However, there is more responsibility that is laid to the people living within it and a booming interior design living part of the responsibility to the user if space (Johnson, 1955).

In a way this only shifts the definitive aspect of architecture to people who have no expertise or a coordination to understand the value of that spec in architectural components. This means that within one building, there is versatility of taste that makes it easier to grasp the whole concept. It paves the way to a complexity of the nature of the design and an almost confused sense of what it really means. While I agree simplicity has made it much easier to use space, there has been a few aspects that have been lost in terms of the power of the architect-designer giving rise onto a market that aims to fulfill it. This slowly takes away the beauty of the study and separates it into components which while they grow, it is no longer with the same structure as the foundation of architecture (Johnson, 1955).

Therefore, calling this aspect as maturity shows a lack of understanding of the dimension in looking at art from another perspective. In modern architecture, the functional aspect has been made a focal point of prioritization that it has become almost clinical. This can be seen with institutions in which there is strict rule sin lace to ensure that there’s efficiency. One consideration is building in school in which the beauty is no longer a factor and what is concentrated on is the idea of movement from one place to another. The idea of the vicinity of utilities such that the kitchen cannot be far from the dining room, the toilets cannot be far from the classroom space and definitively the security would not be hidden but rather easy to access.

Value is placed in the use of less time without considering that sometimes, it loses the aesthetics of development prompting the teachers to fill these need with numerous pictures and art pieces in the halls, hallway and in offices. This takes away the structural flow of the architectural design to concentrate more on the individual taste. It, therefore, looks like architecture has only shacked it responsibilities by delegating the duty as the building looks incompletes when done (Venturi, 1966). This goes to show that instead of becoming more competent and adding onto the growth, architecture is taken apart to comprise another aspect and a displacement of the value in priority, quality and value that diminishes with a minimalistic society that fails to recognize the additional expense that is placed to compensate for lack of expression.

Consumerism has certainly boosted this aspect as more people move towards cities requiring more space hence a need for even more minimization of the design aspect. Somebody said that people are now living in boxes which do not define who they are and what they represent hence a loss in recognition of the artistic view in architecture meaning that there is the soul that it lost. It appears to be very true as the more identify that is given is consideration of the economic value of the space lives hence the idea of status based on a more self-pronunciation culture. It is because architecture is tied directly to the cultural development that there seems to be a deterioration of purpose. This goes to support the idea discussed earlier on that there needs to be a differentiation of culture and design as an aspect of science to allow room for expression and growth in architecture.

Considering all these elements, there is indeed a systematic definition of modern architecture based on the seven crutches of architecture that seem to hinder development. The crutch if history, pretty drawing, utility, saving the cent, cheapness, comfort, and structure. There is no foundation of what was there and what had been rather a more personal interest that considers history almost redundant to the point that there isn’t futuristic planning and longevity further that the purpose of the building. In the aspect, therefore, there are so many common and similar building that is mostly because the idea of common become what the trend develops and what the consumers of space requirements. Therefore, uniqueness disappears instead to be replaced with an overwhelming uniformity of structure. It brings in the aspect of trend and tested which is clinical in that the people are more concerned with what worked in the first consideration leading to a lack of creativity and room for growth (Johnson, 1955). This has been enabling with the focus of economy hence a need for reassurance in return of investment hence focus on the aspect of the now and quickness to put up. There is a complete disregard for the investment of time into designing making it a strictly business as firm and construction companies are delegated with the duty to oversee everything.

In addition, a concentration on comfortability of space and in personal initiative including the aspect of environmental concern has reduced the focus on the aesthetic value. Which leads the development of aspects that only are necessary, which has limited architecture is limited to only it is usefulness. In this way, a more appealing outlook is not a consideration as beauty is defined in the way space is moveable rather than how it moves. In this way, modern architecture has shifted to the basic of angled design rather than curvature that would tend to make it more uncomfortable for placement of utilities. This makes it easier to understand why that architecture has shifted to budgetary constraint. In eco-friendly economy, it is much expensive to consider the long-term involvement and viability which makes economic returns a much nor concern (Johnson, 1955). Therefore, the focus has been on whether the building would be able to bring in income and thus consideration of inclusion of value in term of the entrepreneurship aspect of the building rather than its architecture value. This explains the consideration of the use of cheap material and less investment in time for income generation.

However, the blame cannot be put on the economic development alone as there is evidence in place of the institutionalization of architecture that has made it a commodity. Architecture is an art and understanding that art is almost intrinsic. Therefore, teaching about architecture a science is taking away the freedom to express how to would flow. There is certain element yes that is teachable, but theoretical understanding, which the focus in modern teaching it makes it a hard concept to grasp (Venturi, 1966). Therefore, commercialization becomes the only way since it will provide an avenue for learning by experience. This creates a shortage in the capacity with time and therefore, a run with time. In addition, employment with corporations has made it a business venture taking away the artistic power from the designer and thus an introduction of clinical implementation. The control is in the management rather than eth owner of the building and the artist in place. In this way, there is ‘rushness’ added to the fact that as a commodity, both the art and the person a veto be in line with certain regulation d rules.

The idea of the strict measure has, therefore, made it hard for the flexibility created in letting idea flow and allowing change as time goes on. There is a sense of exactness that has been placed as the responsibility of the architect making it almost impossible to voice any other changes. Therefore, a limitation in the power of the person intended to be creative starting at the level of the institution to the practical experience makes it hard to see a change and observe evolution. It would explain why the experimental design often must be self-funded or funded for a purpose of expressivity (Venturi, 1966). In this way, when power is taken away in any form in term of artistic value, there is an element of unappreciation which acts as demotivation making the artist limit their growth to only what is expected.

Conclusion

Through understanding the variable that defines the more recent modern architecture, complexity is evident in its idea of simplistic implementation. It appears that the tearing apart of the component of architecture has made it impersonal and contradictory in the sense that oversimplification has made it more formal a subject contributing to the disconnectedness in the experience of the art and science if architecture space. There is no progress that has been made and as result, a complete shift from the tradition with a wrong trajectory. There is no sense of ownership in the design as more and more economization of the field has made time to be of essence more than the drawing and bringing to life the plans in place. This makes the implication that architecture has reached its maturation a joke.

Work Cited

Johnson, P. (1955). The Seven Crutches of Modern Architecture. 190-192.

Venturi, R. (1966). Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture. 22-27.

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