Epidemiology and Health promotion (Due 20 hours)
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Diabetes is a long-term disorder that causes an abnormally high amount of blood sugar, or glucose, in the bloodstream (Forouhi & Wareham, 2019). The body's ability to metabolize sugar in the blood is hampered by this disorder. As a result of a high blood sugar level, heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, and a constriction of the blood vessels might occur (atherosclerosis). Distressed state (neuropathy). Sugar overload may produce tingling, numbness, burning, or discomfort in the toes or fingers, which progresses higher as the sugar levels rise. It is estimated that 26 million people in the United States have diabetes, yet only 19 million of them have been diagnosed, meaning millions more are not receiving treatment (Healthy People 2020, n.d.). If current trends continue, one in three American adults might get diabetes by the year 2050. (Healthy People 2020, n.d.). according to Forouhi & Wareham (2019), “In 2012, diabetes cost the global economy $245 billion in direct medical expenditures and lost productivity, comprising $176 billion in direct medical expenses and $69 billion in lost productivity due to verified cases” (p 25).
Diabetes in elderly men
Global Relevance
In the next decades, it is projected that the death toll from diabetes would continue to grow considerably. Using published and unpublished literature, mortality records, and admittance records, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) uses an approach that is all its own in order to provide estimates for all locations (Lin et al., 2020). Diabetes and hypertension are the leading causes of death for over 8 million individuals each year (Lin et al., 2020). One of the greatest problems confronting the developing world these days is the rising incidence of obesity and overweight, which has joined underweight, malnutrition, and infectious illnesses as important contributors to the rise in diabetes cases (Lin et al., 2020). For example, the rise in diabetes may be linked to globalization and urbanization and may be maintained by socioeconomic determinants of health such as low income and inadequate knowledge and illiteracy in addition to poor access to healthcare.
National Relevance
Low- and middle-income countries have a higher prevalence of diabetes among the elderly than developed nations. Blood sugar disease is a serious health issue, but it also has a negative impact on the economy, stifling development and keeping the poorest people in poverty. Over half of all inpatient admissions and over 40% of all hospital fatalities are caused by noncommunicable illnesses like diabetes, which consumes the majority of a country's health care spending (Lin et al., 2020). In order to guide the creation of policy initiatives and programs for diabetic patient prevention, new research is needed to corroborate prior behavioral results on diabetic patients and how they connect to increased suffering, spread of diabetes and risk factors.
Local Relevance
In rural areas, diabetes is a greater issue due to the prevalence of risk factors and the availability of a wider range of services than in urban areas (Lin et al., 2020). There is a need for local action and support for promoting positive behavioral change. To prevent diabetes, health care practitioners must analyze risks, screen effectively, and educate the general population (Lin et al., 2020). In the movement towards diabetes prevention, boards of health must take the lead. A healthy lifestyle must also be promoted by the government through food policies.
Promotion Health Relevance
Local, national, and global health systems should use both general population and high-risk methods when developing measures to minimize diabetes and its consequences. In order to get the greatest outcomes, these strategies must address the wide determinants of health, including employment and working conditions, physical environment, education, and socio-economic status (Lin et al., 2020). We can greatly enhance the health of individuals with diabetes and lessen its burden by making simple modifications in their daily routines.
References
Forouhi, N. G., & Wareham, N. J. (2019). Epidemiology of diabetes. Medicine, 47(1), 22-27.
Healthy People 2020. (n.d.). Diabetes | Retrieved January 19, 2022, from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/diabetes
Lin, X., Xu, Y., Pan, X., Xu, J., Ding, Y., Sun, X., ... & Shan, P. F. (2020). Global, regional, and national burden and trend of diabetes in 195 countries and territories: an analysis from 1990 to 2025. Scientific reports, 10(1), 1-11.