1-page (double spaced) reflection

kadirouzradli

Feeding_Children.pdf

Home >Biology homework help >Physiology homework help >1-page (double spaced) reflection

Feeding Young Children:

Considerations and

Recommendations Krystal Lynch, PhD

EIU 4151G

Introduction

• Exclusive breastfeeding is preferred method of infant feeding for the first 6 months of life

• Offers protection from infection and serves as critical source of energy and nutrients

• Mothers should be supported in their decision to breastfeed for any length of time

Feeding Children Under 2

• Start forming good eating habits early • Pay attention to eating cues

• underfeeding/ overfeeding

• Go slowly on complementary feeding and the introduction of new foods

• No cow’s milk until age 1 • No reduced-fat or nonfat milk until age 2

Breast Feeding vs. Formula

Breast

• Antibodies, enzymes, and other proteins

• Babies have fewer allergies, ear infections, respiratory illnesses, and UTIs

• Less constipation/diarrhea • Benefits for mom • Free

Formula

• Gives mom a break • Meds/drugs can pass from

mom to baby in breast milk, but not a problem with formula

• Can meet unique infants’ needs (preemies, metabolic disorders, allergies)

Infant Nutrition: Comparing Needs

Food Intake Progression for Infants

Typical Meal Patterns for Infants Meal Amounts per day

(4–6 months) Amounts per day

(6–9 months) Amounts per day

(9–12 months) Breast milk or formulaa 32 oz 32 oz 32 oz

Cereal 4 T infant rice cereal ½ cup Cheerios ½ cup breakfast cereal, rice, or small pasta

Vegetables – 4–6 T pureed or baby food ⅓–½ cup cooked vegetables such as peas, diced green beans, or cooked carrots

Fruits – 4 T mashed, pureed, or baby food

½ cup soft diced fruits

Meats, fish, poultry, cheese, egg yolk

– 2–4 T strained or pureed 4–6 T chopped or ground; ¼ cup cottage cheese

Finger foods – Include finger foods, advancing in size and texture with development: teething biscuits, dry toast, crackers, bananas

Table foods except foods in shapes and sizes likely to cause choking, such as large pieces of meat, whole grapes, or hot dogs or carrots cut in circular slices

a Includes formula or breast milk added to cereal.

Influencing Healthy Eating Habits

▪ Children should be allowed to determine

how much they will eat

from a variety of healthy

food choices

Division of Responsibility

• Ellyn Satter’s helpful process for feeding picky eaters: • The parent’s role is to provide healthful foods and drinks • The child’s role is to choose how much and what to eat of

the foods provided

• Do not force children to eat or finish their plates • Do not fix only foods that you know that child will eat

Picky Eaters

• Tends not to be a problem • Frustrates parents • Offer new foods at least 25 times, don’t give up • Offer new foods alone and at the beginning of the

meal

• Let children help in preparation

The Diets of American Children

According to the graph, the age group with the highest percentage of

children with poor diets is:

a) 2 to 6 year olds

b) 7 to 12 year olds

c) 13 to 18 year olds

d) No difference

Burns, 2012

What to offer to children

Burns, 2012

Juice

• According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, children should not be fed juice until 6 months of

age

• It is better to wait until age 1

• children younger than 6 years, juice should be limited to 4 to 6 oz/day

• 100% juice

Addressing excess childhood weight

• Change both eating and activity patterns • Weight loss is rarely recommended • Denying food may promote further overeating;

restrictions should be relatively mild

• Offer nutrient-dense foods • Physical activity for at least an hour per day • Increases in activity need to be gradual • Start by limiting screen time

Food guidance for adolescents

Special Nutrition Concerns

• Eating disorders • Participation in competitive

sports

• Female Athlete Triad

• Tobacco use • Alcohol use

Burns, 2012 20

Screen time and Obesity

Fitness for Children ▪ Children and adolescents should do 60 minutes or

more of physical activity daily.

• Aerobic: Most of the 60 or more minutes a day should be either moderate- or vigorous-intensity aerobic physical

activity, and should include vigorous-intensity physical

activity at least 3 days a week.

• Muscle-strengthening: As part of their 60 or more minutes of daily physical activity, children and adolescents should

include muscle-strengthening physical activity on at least 3

days of the week.

• Bone-strengthening: As part of their 60 or more minutes of daily physical activity, children and adolescents should

include bone-strengthening physical activity on at least 3

days of the week.

▪ It is important to encourage young people to participate in physical activities that are appropriate

for their age, that are enjoyable, and that offer

Marketing to Children

• The food system is the second largest advertiser in the US economy.

• Children are the target of food marketing through a variety of avenues including:

• Television advertising • In-school marketing • Product placements • Kids clubs • The Internet • Toys and products with brand logos • Youth-targeted promotions, such as cross-selling and tie-ins.

Assignments for this week ▪ Reflection: Childhood behaviors and their influences on

current food behaviors

▪ Discussion: Marketing to food to children. Read the article in this week’s reading for additional background. What are your thoughts about the practice of marketing

food to children? Should companies be allowed to do so,

and if so why, or if not, why not?

Submit a 1-page (double spaced) thoughtful reflection on how these factors have affected your dietary behaviors.