analysis

PAPER ONE

Introduction

Researchers are very interested in creating theories to be published, and that would benefit the

world. How can they do that? That was my question before I took this course. I found out that

some researchers have studied many theories that helped them to do research perfectly. Others

can use grounded theory to achieve their goals. In this paper I can be a researcher that has tried to

apply the concept that I have learned in this course so far. I have tried to apply grounded theory

during my work. Also, I have tried to conduct, analyze and organize data. Also, I have used

initial coding, and used many processes and techniques to do that. Furthermore, I was thinking

about focusing coding, and how do further work on it in future. Moreover, I have used memo to

write all the processes that I have done during this coding. In addition, from my experiences, I

collected some advisers to help with any researcher who would do any research, or would take

this work. I also, provided what I found from exploring, and the analysis of the data. Finally, I

wrote briefly about grounded theory, and how it would be built.

Strategies

In this project, I have used many strategies to collect and analyze the data. I have conducted

initial coding, or open coding, which is exploring the data and what we should be doing with this

data. I was exploring what is going on in. ( Lapan et al,2012). I have tried to analyze the content

of the videos that were provided. Therefore, I saw the videos, then I collected the data, and I

sorted the content in an excel spread sheet as an initial coding. For example, sponsor, time-slot,

product, and argument are some of the coding that I had sorted in line-by-line. Moreover, I have

tried to arrange the data and constant by using comparative methods to find out whether the

coding fit with the data or not. For instance, I sorted pathos to fit with other coding.

Memos:

During initial coding, I have used memos to help me to remember my thought about this coding.

For example, one of my memos consented symbols O- 19----Q-19 which means the cell ‘O-19

‘should be resorted to cell “Q-19”. This process helped me to come up with many ideas,

thoughts, and questions that helped me in the initial coding or farther coding. Without memo we

may miss some important ideas that would be helped to make our coding easier.The memos that

I had taken helped me to manage my thoughts during my work for this coding. In addition, using

the memo can help to interpret the data by analyzing the contacts “B,2007”. Moreover, the memo

helped me to decide which data should be sorted. For example, with J-19 I added a column.

Moreover, in my memos, I wrote many comparisons between data, and coding to help me to

organize my ideas, and avoid any mistake.

Analyze

The videos that I was focused on have much data that should be analyzed in many different

ways. After a second view, I started to analysis the content more accurately. Therefore, I have

resorted each column by which data would be fitted in and which one should be deleted. For

example, in cell D-19 I deleted “vote”, and also, the E-19 quarter. I did that because there is no

other column has voted, and the data that was in that column was not important. By filling out

the coding that we had been provided, in deed, at the same time, I was able to a compare

between that coding and what I would have suggested. For instance, at the first, I decided that the

columns, ethos, pathos, and logos should be in one column that can be named “emotions”.

However, later, I realized that there are differences between these. Therefore, I kept as it is

because it could not be emotions. After comparing between the coding, I found that the first three

codings were the same, therefore, I decided to keep them as they were. However, I found that

many other coding were different. That led me to arrange the data to be fit in each column. In

addition, analyzing the data would be done by determining the similarity and the difference

between the data or would be comparing between these data ( A, 2014)

Further steps

In further work, I would conduct a focus coding where the data would be sifted( Lapan et

al,2012). This coding would differ from the initial coding in a significant way. This way will be

the sifting that would lead to a core category. The core category is the center of most of coding in

which selective coding would lead to ( Lapan et al,2012). The procedure to do that would be to

integrated columns, and to add one or more columns. For example, for the next coding, I would

add one or more columns. That would happen after more focusing on the contents.

Old experience

I really appreciate my experience so far in this course. That is mostly because one of my old

experience. When I was in my early college back home, I had a qualitative course. My project in

that course was about analyzing teachers’ evaluation forms. I collected about a thousand of these

forms. After that, I tried to code them and I did, however, I coded them once, just as the initial

coding that we have done in the current course. Back there, I did not know about the focused

coding. Consequently, I went through two difficulties. First, while I was trying to interpret my

data, I still found that several data should be more precisely coded such as the stage that we just

did in our current course, focused coding. Second, it was like a result of the first one which was

the hard time that I went through to generate emergent themes through which my ground theory

would be created. Currently, it seems obvious to me why I went through these two difficulties.

Basically, the key concept is the focused coding that could lead the researcher to what it is called

core category where most coding is related to. In this case, researchers are more likely to reach a

ground theory. In addition, in my old experience, I used memos, however, the reasons of using

the memos were just to help me to remember the coding that I was collecting. I did not write

important ideas or thought that may help me to interpret the data that I have collected.

Reflection

In my current experience, as the first, the excel was very confusing to me because it was the first

time for me to use it. I did not know who can add column or data or even delete. I asked my son

who is fourteen-year-old, to teach me who to add or delete. It was so much fun to do that with

him specially when he Laughed at me when I tried to delete one column, and by mistake I

deleted three. now I can do it more easily. Actually, while I was conducting the coding, I found

out that these videos that I saw are not very useful. For example, B-58. In addition, the

arguments that were written in the contents, were not strong enough or were not provided. For

example, column I- 47 and 49. Moreover, if l will use excel and do coding again, it would be

more specific, and narrower. For instance, instead of 25, I would do 15 columns. That would be

more helpful to focus on what I need. Moreover, If I had the opportunity to do this coding again,

I would be more careful on the choice of data. For example, the videos that I would choose

would be beneficial. That would help me to build a strong foundation for my research. Also, the

contents would be more in depth, and more precise. For example, the notes would be more

specific and helpful. When the coding has more depth, and is precise, it would be informative in

the interpretive stage which would lead to a sold grounded theory.

The result of my experience

In fact, now after I have studied coding and analysis, I think it is going to be easier to conduct

and analyze the data if I need to do so, because it will not take a long time to conduct. That is

because the first time was without any strong experience or planning. Doing coding without

planning and determination for the goal of this coding is the losing of time, and confusing to the

researcher. The researcher should prepare the ground of the research. That would happen by

asking multiple questions. For example, what the subject of your research is how you can collect

the data and so on( J, 2014). Preparation before starting to collect the data would be reading

about that and writing the goals that the researcher wants to achieve. Indeed, next time I would

prepare myself before I do the coding and analysis by reading about it in my text book and on the

Internet to be more aware about that.

Some advices

For any researcher doing any qualitative research, I would advise that he/she collect the data by

her/him self. That would be more helpful to understand the data, analysis, and conduct the data

more easily. That also helps the researcher to be aware of the contents of the data, and how the

data can connect with each other. In my case, some of the videos that we used to conduct that

data, have different goals from each other. For example, I- 44 column led to confusing the

researcher, and does not help. Moreover, I would advise any researcher would take this work to

be familiar with ground theory, and try to apply this theory during the proses of coding, conduct,

and analysis. In addition, it is very useful when the researcher reviews the coding and uses a new

technique to analyze the data. For instance, change the order of coding or add a column such as

goals.

What did I find?

In this coding that I have done, I found how would the ads help to influence society It affects

people to take action. Fore example, in column A-6 the ad about how this style of car can move

smoothly, pushing people to pay for it. This question above would lead the researcher to build a

ground theory. This ground theory may take another question. For example, how is this ad

generated In fact, before I have studied this course, I have never thought about how it can use

ground theory or ask questions about any issue that may be considered to be studied. It is really

interesting to be aware of any issue around us, and try to analysis this issue, and become to a new

theory that would be beneficial for the world. I also found that this data that I have collected can

be related to communication technology. That would lead me to think about communication by

using the technology. For example, a company that uses the ads to pay its goods. I also found

that gender both male, and female, are interested on watching.

Grounded theory

To discuss with ground theory, we begin with a topic or questions to explore and analysis what

we want to discover. That would emphasize people’s action and their meaning. As a result, they

ask many questions to interpret that. For example, while I was doing my observation at my

daughter’s daycare, I noticed that the boys liked to sing more than girls, so I asked myself why,

because I thought girls liked singing more. Therefore, I found myself asking this question why

boys like to sing more than girls?. Therefore, I made many assumptions. One of them, maybe

because girls are usually more shy than boys, or girls prefer dancing more than singing. Actually,

at that time I felt myself, like a researcher who tries to interpret the data while who gather it.

To conclude

In this project, I learned a lot of significant methods that gave me a clear view about qualitative

research. I had collected and conducted the data. Also, analyzing and organizing these data by

using the initial coding. I have played grounded theory that I have studied in this course.

Moreover, during my work I have used the memos to remembering and organize my data and to

write any thoughts that I may have found during the coding. Furthermore, I wrote my experience

and reflection of this project. After my experience, I found that it would be helpful to write my

advice, and make suggestions for any researcher who tries to research a new topic or take this

work further.

Bell, J. (2014). Doing Your Research Project: A guide for first-time researchers. McGraw-Hill

Education

(UK).

Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2014). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for

developing grounded theory. Sage publications.

Lempert, L. B. (2007). Asking Questions of the Data: Memo Writing in the Grounded. The Sage

handbook

of grounded theory, 245.

Lapan, S. D., Quartaroli, M. T., & Riemer, F. J. (Eds.). (2011). Qualitative research: An

introduction to

methods and designs (Vol. 37). John Wiley & Sons.