ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS
MA DESIGN
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this annotated bibliography is to inform the readers of relevant
sources that will contribute to the success of the specialist project. The specialist
project in service design aims to explore the future potentials of blockchain
technology and use service design thinking to create innovative solutions that will
benefit the society. Thus, the following themes were formed: blockchain technology,
service design, and trust. Because blockchain is an emerging technology that is still
fairly new, literature of blockchain applications in different industries from energy to
aerospace were reviewed to form a comprehensive overview of where the
technology currently stands. Literatures in service design were examined to provide
readers with a better understanding of the service design discipline and the design
process. Last but not least, sources in regards to trust were analysed as it is an
important design element to be considered while developing design solutions for
blockchain technology. The sources included in the following annotated bibliography
were selected based on the overall quality, reliability, and relevancy to the specialist
project. Academic papers, white papers, and books are the main sources in this
annotated bibliography, drawing from the libraries at the University of Leeds, online
academic databases, and the IEEE Xplore Digital Library. The following annotated
bibliography are arranged in the order of the themes presented above, then the
individual sources for each theme are organised alphabetically by the surname of
the first author. Additional literatures that were reviewed during the research but
not included in the annotated bibliography can be found in the bibliography section.
BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY
Brand, N., Boucherle, L., Davis, R., Do, N., El-Baz, B., Galen, D., Kimura, I., Lee, J., and
Wharton, K. 2018. Blockchain for Social Impact: Moving Beyond the Hype. California:
Stanford Graduate School of Business Centre for Social Innovation.
While some literatures focus on the general potentials of blockchain
technology (Casey and Vigna, 2018), this article places an emphasis on
dedicating this technology to drive social impact. It covers a range of sectors
including but not limited to agriculture, digital identity, health, and
philanthropy. While crowdsourcing effort was initiated in the beginning
stage to capture a catalog of blockchain applications, the main research
methodologies to gather qualitative data were interviews and case studies.
An interesting statistic showed that 20% of the blockchain initiatives would
not be possible to solve their problem without blockchain, which shows the
revolutionary power of blockchain. The authors also recommended people
to start with an actual problem and determine whether blockchain can add
value to solve that particular problem, instead of designing a new application
just for the sake of technology. This is an empowering perspective that can
challenge designers to think unconventionally and create innovative
solutions that will truly benefit the society. Not only does this article discuss
current blockchain applications in different industries, it also demonstrates
the social impact many of these projects have already created. Overall, this
article provides stimulating content and useful knowledge that can be
applied to the specialist project.
Bonneau, J., Felten, E., Goldfeder, S., Miller, A., and Narayanan, A. 2016. Bitcoin and
Cryptocurrency Technologies. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Compared with other introductory literatures to blockchain technology such
as Blockchain: Blueprint for a new Economy (Swan, 2015) and The Truth
Machine: The Blockchain and the Future of Everything (Casey and Vigna,
2018), this book offers a more technical approach and provides an
elaborative introduction to the mechanics of blockchain technology. It covers
topics ranging from hash functions and digital signatures to future challenges
and routes to blockchain integration. Although some of the technical
explanations on scripting language may not be applicable to everyone, the
general concepts discussed in this book can be useful for anyone learning
about blockchain technology. This fundamental understanding of the
technical power and limitations of blockchain technology will be helpful
during the design process for the specialist project. The “further reading”
sections at the end of each chapter are also helpful, as they include other
relevant sources that can be referred to in the future.
Casey, M. J. and Vigna, P. 2018. The Truth Machine: The Blockchain and the Future of
Everything. London: HarperCollins Publishers.
Similar to Blockchain Revolution (Tapscott and Tapscott, 2016), this book
provides a general overview for readers who are unfamiliar with blockchain
and it discusses the potential impacts this technology can make in the future.
It focuses heavily on the concept of trust and explains how decentralisation
“widen[s] the perimeter of trust” (Casey and Vigna, 2018, p.50).
Furthermore, the author provided detailed explanation of key terms such as
“distributed”, “append-only”, and “replicated” to help readers understand
the technology better. This fundamental knowledge is important for both
designers and other relevant stakeholders interested in blockchain as this
technology is an intriguing yet complex innovation. In addition, the authors
discussed the scalability of blockchain technology and the need for energy
resources as the networks grow bigger. This is a potential issue that will need
to be overcome in order to optimise blockchain applications. Overall, this
literature is useful for the specialist project as it provides a comprehensive
introduction to blockchain technology.
Coronado, E.S., Mondragon, A. C., and Mondragon, C. C. 2018. Exploring the
applicability of blockchain technology to enhance manufacturing supply chains in the
composite materials technology. In: Lam, A., Meen, T. H., and Prior, S. ed. 2018 IEEE
International Conference on Applied System Innovation, 13-17 April 2018, Tokyo.
[Online]. Taiwan: Taiwanese Institute of Knowledge Innovation, pp.1300-1303.
[Accessed 22 November 2018]. Available from: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/doc
ument/8394531
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the applicability of blockchain technology
in manufacturing supply chains, specifically those that require temperature
sensitive materials such as pre-impregnated composite fibers. The authors
explained that due to stringent standards in industries such as aerospace,
traceability of materials, components, and other accessories is especially
important. This is where a distributed ledger - a technology that will allow for
tamper proof history of product to be recorded - would become useful.
Similar to Francisco and Swanson (2018), the authors argued that blockchain
could be employed to ensure accuracy and completeness of product
information during the transfer of goods. The main limitation of this article is
that it did not discuss in depth how this application would work in existing
systems, nor did it address any challenges that would have to be overcome
in order for blockchain technology to work in manufacturing supply chains.
Although a range of references were used to support different arguments,
the research methodology was not discussed in the paper. Nevertheless, this
is a useful source for the specialist project as it discusses an innovative
application that could solve common traceability issues and increase overall
efficiency in the supply chain of composite materials.
Galvez, J., Mejuto, J.C., Simal-Gandara, J. 2018. Future Challenges on the use of
blockchain for food traceability analysis. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 107(No
issue number), pp.222-232.
The aim of this research is to examine the use of blockchain in the food
supply chain to solve traceability and transparency issues. Although it was
briefly mentioned in the abstract that this research is a review, the research
methodology and the process for literature selection were not explicitly
explained. Nevertheless, the authors provided valuable insights into how
blockchain can help avoid food fraud and restore trust in consumers along
with other relevant stakeholders. Unlike Blockchain Next on Food Supply
Chain Menu (Yuva, 2017) which briefly describes how blockchain will help
with regulatory issues, this article provides specific examples of blockchain
uses in different stages within the food supply chain. For instance ,the author
showed how traceability can be accomplished through blockchain in
different steps such as production, processing, storage, distribution,
retailers, and administration. Additionally, the spider chart in Figure 1
(Mejuto et al, 2018, p.223) sufficiently compares the current status of a
blockchain and centralised system. This gives its readers a visual reference of
where the two stands in terms of the following characteristics: traceability,
transparency, trustworthy, future potential, and maturity. Overall, this
literature was thorough, descriptive, and well-researched. It is relevant to
the specialist project as it carefully addressed both advantages and obstacles
of blockchain technology in the food supply chain.
Kouhizadeh, M., Saberi, S., Sarkis, J., and Shen, L. 2018. [Forthcoming]. Blockchain
technology and its relationship to sustainable supply chain management.
International Journal of Production Research. [Online]. [Accessed 25 November
2018]. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00207543.2
018.1533a261?journalCode=tprs20
The aim of this research paper is to provide insights into the application of
blockchain technology in supply chain management. The authors argued that
the transparency, traceability, and security aspects of blockchain can solve
existing problems in supply chain management such as high costs of
intermediaries, lack of transparency and reliability. Additionally, the authors
discussed that blockchain could highlight product dimensions such as the
nature, quality, quantity, location and ownership, and thus remove the need
for a central intermediary. As mentioned by Musso et al. (2018), the authors
also pointed out blockchain’s potential to recognise unethical suppliers and
reduce counterfeit products. Barriers that need to be overcome in order to
successfully integrate blockchain technology in current supply chain systems
were thoroughly examined as well. Although the research methodology was
not clearly defined, it was mentioned that online databases were utilised to
find sources and relevant literatures were reviewed. As the authors
discussed, there are limited research of blockchain in business applications.
Therefore, this literature serves as a useful source for the specialist project
as it provides an overview of blockchain application in supply chain
management.
Kshetri, N. 2018. 1 Blockchain’s roles in meeting key supply chain management
objectives. International Journal of Information Management. 39(No issue number),
pp. 80-89.
The aim of this paper is to examine the effects of blockchain in supply chain
management. Similar to other scholars (Queiroz and Womba, 2018), the
authors argued that the implementation of blockchain in supply chain
management will lead to increased efficiency and reduced costs. The main
research methodology is case study, and the criteria for data selection was
thoroughly explained. The authors discussed various benefits of blockchain
technology such as its abilities to document the who, when, and where of
different actions and measure product quality during transportation. Several
case studies of blockchain technology in different industries such as
Lockheed Martin’s cyber security related initiatives and Alibaba’s
development of a food trust framework to improve integrity of supply chains
were analysed. The authors pointed out that these corporate-designed
blockchains lack the decentralised structure which is one of the main
elements that contributed to bitcoin’s success. This not only decreases
blockchain’s accessibility, but increases the vulnerability of the system.
Overall, this article highlights important factors, risks, and effects of
blockchain in supply chain management. It is relevant to the specialist
project as it exemplifies how blockchain can contribute to various
organisational activities in supply chains.
Lu, Q. and Xu, X. 2017. Adaptable Blockchain-Based Systems: A Case Study for
Product Traceability. IEEE Software. 34(6), pp.21-27.
The aim of this paper is to discuss the implementation of blockchain
technology in supply chain management, specifically to improve traceability.
The authors shared their experience of building originChain, an application
that restructured a traceability system by replacing its centralised database
with a blockchain. This application was tested under realistic conditions and
the authors are working on replacing the existing system with the
restructured one. It was noted that quality control and inspection processes
are often dynamic activities in supply chain; as such, it is especially important
to take adaptability into consideration during the design process. The
authors also discussed blockchain’s limited storage and privacy issues, then
explained their process and reasoning for determining what kind of data to
store on-chain versus off-chain. Similar to the World Energy Council (2017),
Lu and Xu mentioned that one of the key challenges for blockchain
technology is the adoption and integration into the existing systems. Overall,
this article is useful because it addresses the design process of building a real
life blockchain application in supply chain management.
Palfreyman, J. 2018. Business Blockchain. [No place]: Amazon CreateSpace.
This book focuses on introducing blockchain as a transformational
technology that could help overcome business challenges. It is not only
informative, but clear and easy to understand. The author introduced the
five building blocks of business blockchain - shared ledger, privacy services,
smart contracts, consensus, and business network - and discussed each
component thoroughly. The author also analysed and compared five of the
top blockchain platforms: Ethereum, Hyperledger Fabric, R3-Corda, Ripple,
and Quorum. A guideline including nine steps to start a new blockchain
project was suggested, these steps are: know, brainstorm, select, unpack
,network, user, hills, needs, and agile. Although some of these steps may not
be as applicable to non-business projects as business projects, the overall
concept is useful when developing any new blockchain project. It is
important to note that this book is focused on business blockchain;
therefore, the author concluded that permissioned blockchain networks are
ideal. This is a critical limitation to keep in mind, as there are different
advantages and disadvantages of permissioned and permissionless
blockchains (Tapscott and Tapscott, 2016). It is important to evaluate the
strengths and limitations of each during the design process and determine
which one is most suitable accordingly. In conclusion, this is a valuable
source for the specialist project as it provides useful tools and guidelines for
designing blockchain technologies.
Tapscott, A. and Tapscott, D. 2016. Blockchain Revolution. Great Britain: Portfolio
Penguin.
This book focuses on discussing the blockchain technology and exploring its
future potentials. It introduced seven important design principles in
blockchain technology: network integrity, distributed power, value as
incentive, security, privacy rights reserved, and inclusion, and explained the
role each principle plays in designing the future. In addition to future
opportunities and strengths of blockchain, the authors also addressed the
challenges that the world must overcome in order for blockchain to fulfil its
full potential. These obstacles include the availability and affordability of
technology, literacy skills needed to use smart phones and the internet, and
corruption in the society. Although Blockchain Revolution provides its
readers with a comprehensive overview of the blockchain technology, its
main limitation is that it does not fully address the technical and design
aspects of blockchain technology. Nevertheless, this book is a substantial
introduction to this revolutionary technology. It is one of the most important
literatures in this annotated bibliography as it provides a fundamental
understanding to blockchain technology.
World Energy Council. 2017. The Developing Role of Blockchain. London: World
Energy Council.
This paper produced by the World Energy Council aims to spread knowledge
about blockchain technology between its Council members and other
relevant stakeholders. Although this paper was developed for the internal
use of the World Energy Council, it discusses invaluable findings and
addresses critical opportunities and obstacles of blockchain within the
energy sector. An interesting topic discussed in this paper is the energy
consumption of blockchain. While some argue that blockchain will contribute
to net energy reduction, others believe it is potentially energy-intensive due
to the mining system and will therefore contribute to higher energy demand.
Although the actual costs and energy consumption cannot be predicted as of
now, this is still an important aspect to keep in mind while developing new
blockchain technologies. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive
overview of the potential and challenges that are applicable to other
industries as well. This knowledge will be useful for the specialist project.
SERVICE DESIGN
Bohren, M.A., Fawole, B., Luwangula, R., Mugerwa, K., Oladapo, O.T., Olalere, A.A.,
Ojelade, O.A., Rodriguez, D., Salgado, M., and Wendland, M. 2017. Using a service
design model to develop the “Passport to Safer Birth” in Nigeria and Uganda.
International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 139(S1), pp. 56-66.
The aim of this research is to demonstrate how a human-centred service
design approach can improve childbirth care in communities lacking
healthcare resources. The authors first discussed the iterative design process
of this project, which includes three main phases: research for design,
concept design, and detail design. Then, they highlighted the criticality of
design tools such as mapping, storytelling, and user journey during the
analysis process. Interviews and group discussions with important
stakeholders such as pregnant women, family members, and community
health workers were conducted. Based on these insights, the design team
was able to develop a set of design principles that would later serve as a
guide for the final design solutions. It was mentioned that one of the main
limitations of this research is scalability. For instance, some issues arose
during the design process such as limited access to community due to
security concerns in Uganda and the difficulty to conduct co-design activities
due to health care strikes in Nigeria. Overall, this paper is relevant as it is a
useful example of how designers can use service design to create social
impact.
Chuang, P.T. 2007. Combining service blueprint and FMEA for service design. The
Service Industries Journal. 27(2), pp. 91-104.
The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Failure Modes and Effects
Analysis (FMEA) into service design to help designers create failure free
service systems. Contrary to other scholars who have provided general
framework and guideline for service design(Schneider and Stickdorn, 2010),
this article aims to address the design process from a preventative
perspective. As the authors stated, FMEA is a tool that evaluates the
potential failure of a product or process. Although it is widely utilised in the
manufacturing industry, it has many benefits to offer to the service sector as
well. By implementing it in the design process, it will help service designers
detect potential failure early on and make improvements as necessary. The
combination of service blueprint and FMEA is an unique and innovative
approach that has not been widely discussed in the service design field;
however, it can be very useful when designing a new service. Because
blockchain is an emerging technology, there are likely underlying risks and
failure points that have yet to be discovered or identified. Consequently,
FMEA will be a very helpful tool to identify potential issues during the design
process for blockchain technology.
Flu, M.B., Lovlie, L., and Reason, B. 2016. Service Design for Business. New Jersey:
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The first part of this book accesses the economic, social, and technical trends
that have contributed to the emergence of service design, while the second
part unpacks the core concepts of service design and discusses how to create
business impact with service design. Similar to Egger (2001), the authors
mentioned the importance of designing for the customer experience before,
during, and after the launch of a new service. However, Flu et al. (2016)
added a “being” phase in the customer lifecycle which refers to a customer’s
first engagement with a service. They argued that investment in this phase
can lead to reduced costs and better outcomes. The authors also described
movement, structures, and behavior as the key factors in service design, and
explained how they could help solve business challenges in the following
areas: the customer story, business impact, and organisational challenge.
The main limitation of this literature is that some of the interesting questions
remained unanswered, which requires its readers to perform additional
research on their own to find solutions. While the target audience of this
book is people in businesses or large organisations, most of the discussions
and common principles can be valuable to anyone who is interested in
service design across all sectors. Thus, this is a relevant source that will be
useful during the design process of the specialist project.
Penin, L. 2018. Designing the Invisible: An Introduction to Service Design. London:
Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
The first part of this book focuses on the key aspects of service design while
the second part dives deeper into the service design process, methods, and
tools by introducing case studies and interviews with designers. Unlike This is
Design Thinking ( Schneider and Stickdorn, 2010), this book is more updated
with current technologies and includes a chapter dedicated to digital
services. This chapter is especially relevant to the specialist project as it
discusses the emerging role of technology in service design. The author
addressed the risk of technology which may result in disempowering human
beings, and used this as an opportunity to indicate the importance for
service designers to put people back at the centre of technological
development (Penin, 2018, pp. 86-87). The value of co-creation in service
design and the need to integrate other design disciplines such as customer
experience and user experience design were also discussed. Overall, this
book contains a lot of useful information that will help with the design
process of the specialist project.
Schneider, J. and Stickdorn, M. 2010. This is Service Design Thinking. Amsterdam: BIS
Publishers.
This is Service Design Thinking (Schneider and Stickdorn, 2010) is a
comprehensive introduction to service design which provides basic
knowledge, methods, and case studies in service design. Though this book is
written by Schneider and Stickdorn, it is based on a compilation of interviews
with educators and professionals in the service design community. Focusing
on the interdisciplinary approach of service design, the authors introduced a
range of service design disciplines and analysed how they facilitate service
design. The Strategic Management section is particularly intriguing as it
explains how the current strategy models contribute to the lack of focus on
service in businesses and highlights the importance for designers to develop
an understanding of the business world. The authors also provided a
collection of effective and popular service design tools, which will be helpful
when I begin the iterative design process for my research project. However,
the limitation is that the descriptions of these methods are very brief and
further research for complementary information would be necessary.
Although this book will not form the foundation for my research, it is an
informative introduction to service design and it will be a useful reference to
have.
Smith, C. 2008. Design for the other 90%. New York: Cooper-Hewitt Museum.
The aim of this book is to empower designers to create sustainable solutions
for the 90% of people in the world who are in need of a better standard of
life. The author highlighted that most designers focus on developing
products and services for the richest populations in the world, and very little
designs reach the vast majority living in poverty. Although this literature may
not form the foundation of the research project, it serves as a great source
of inspiration. The main limitation is that most exhibitions and examples
shown in the book are either furnitures or physical objects created to solve
issues like unsafe drinking water or rebuild communities destroyed by
natural disasters. In this sense, the material is not directly relevant to the
specialist project. However, there is a summary of selected statistics to
convey the lack of resources such as shelter, water and sanitation, food, and
energy in the world. As discussed in Blockchain for Social Impact: Moving
Beyond the Hype (Brand et al., 2018), it is more effective to define a problem
first and evaluate how blockchain could contribute to the identified issues
rather than the other way around. Therefore, this book is useful as it can
help identify areas where blockchain could be an added value by stimulating
creative thinking.
TRUST
Egger, F. N. 2001. Affective Design of E-Commerce User Interfaces: How to maximise
perceived trustworthiness. In: Helander, M.G., Khalid, H.M., and Tham, M.P. ed. The
International Conference on Affective Human Factors Design, 2001, London. [Online].
London: Asean Academic Press, no pagination. [Accessed November 24 2018].
Available from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Affective-Design-of-E-Co
mmerce-User-Interfaces-%3A-to-Egger/aa320c098c0557986250a903624b0980dbfcc
40a
This aim of this paper is to examine the element of trust in e-commerce and
analyse the role of user interface in customer experience. Egger (2001)
mentioned that there are two types of trust: initial trust and trust based on
direct experience. Initial trust refers to the sense of trust that is assessed
based on surface cues, whereas trust based on direct experience is evaluated
based on the outcome of user’s experience; this paper focuses on designing
for initial trust. The author analysed a range of factors that can affect one’s
perception of trust prior to any online interaction: user psychology,
pre-purchase knowledge, and transference. The author then evaluated
interface properties that affect consumer’s emotional response: branding
and usability. The author discussed three design principles that reflect the
scope of the model of trust for e-commerce, these design principles are
trustworthiness communicated before, during, and after the online
interaction. Similar to Beare and Allanwood (2014), the author emphasised
the importance for UX designers to collaborate with management and
marketers to ensure consistency in user interfaces. Even though this paper
focuses on e-commerce, it is relevant because the author highlighted
important interface properties that can be useful when creating design
solutions for the blockchain project.
Emurian, H. H. and Wang, Y. D. 2004. An Overview of Online Trust: Concepts,
Elements, and Implications. Computers in Human Behaviours. 21(1), pp.104-125.
This research paper investigates different elements of online trust and
identifies key design features for interfaces to optimise trust in customers.
The authors pointed out that even though trust is ingrained everywhere in
the society and plays a significant role in human interaction, each discipline
understands and conceptualises trust differently. Based on the literature
review findings, the definition of trust in the disciplines of philosophy,
psychology, management, and marketing were examined. The authors
integrated emergent themes from selected studies and proposed a
framework of trust-inducing features which includes the following
dimensions: graphic design, structure, design, content design, and social-cue
design. The authors then thoroughly discussed different elements that
influence consumer trust and recommended different interface design
features within the four dimensions to optimise trust. Although this article
focuses on e-commerce and does not mention decentralisation, the trust
elements and implications discussed here are very helpful for the specialist
project. Some of the trust-inducing features, if not all, can be applied to the
final design solutions for the blockchain project to optimise trust.
Hawlitschek, F., Notheisen, B., and Teubner, T. 2018. The Limits of Trust-Free
Systems: A Literature Review on Blockchain Technology and Trust in the Sharing
Economy. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications. 29(No issue number), pp.
50-63.
This research paper is a dual literature review that carefully investigates the
trust element in the sharing economy and explores the potential of
blockchain technology to decentralise trust. The authors created an
extended blockchain engineering framework based on the one introduced by
Hawlitschek et al. (2017) by adding a trust frontier - an additional trust layer
that represents human relations and behavioural patterns in the blockchain
ecosystem. Unlike other literatures that focus heavily on blockchain’s
potential to carry out trust free applications, this article emphasised the
importance to build trusted interfaces for blockchain application as
blockchain technology alone would not suffice. Based on the literature
review, the authors noted that there is a lack of attention to trust in the
blockchain context in information systems. Therefore, this research is a very
helpful resource as it effectively discusses the element of trust in the design
process of blockchain technology. The final recommendation which stated
“future research should address the design of trusted interfaces to support
the successful implementation of blockchain-based sharing platforms”
(Hawlitschek et al., 2018, p.58) is particularly applicable to the specialist
project.
REFERENCES
Beare, P. and Allanwood, G. 2014. User Experience Design. London: Bloomsbury
Publishing Plc.
Bohren, M.A., Fawole, B., Luwangula, R., Mugerwa, K., Oladapo, O.T., Olalere, A.A.,
Ojelade, O.A., Rodriguez, D., Salgado, M., and Wendland, M. 2017. Using a service
design model to develop the “Passport to Safer Birth” in Nigeria and Uganda.
International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 139(S1): pp. 56-66.
Bonneau, J., Felten, E., Goldfeder, S., Miller, A., and Narayanan, A. 2016. Bitcoin and
Cryptocurrency Technologies. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Brand, N., Boucherle, L., Davis, R., Do, N., El-Baz, B., Galen, D., Kimura, I., Lee, J., and
Wharton, K. 2018. Blockchain for Social Impact: Moving Beyond the Hype. Stanford
Business: Centre for Social Innovation. No volume(No issue number): no pagination.
Casey, M. J. and Vigna, P. 2018. The Truth Machine: The Blockchain and the Future of
Everything. London: HarperCollins Publishers.
Coronado, E.S., Mondragon, A. C., and Mondragon, C. C. 2018. Exploring the
applicability of blockchain technology to enhance manufacturing supply chains in the
composite materials technology. In: Lam, A., Meen, T. H., and Prior, S. ed. 2018 IEEE
International Conference on Applied System Innovation, 13-17 April 2018, Tokyo.
[Online]. Taiwan: Taiwanese Institute of Knowledge Innovation, pp.1300-1303.
[Accessed 22 November 2018]. Available from: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/docume
nt/8394531
Chuang, P.T. 2007. Combining service blueprint and FMEA for service design. The
Service Industries Journal. 27(2): pp. 91-104.
Egger, F. N. 2001. Affective Design of E-Commerce User Interfaces: How to maximise
perceived trustworthiness. In: Helander, M.G., Khalid, H.M., and Tham, M.P. ed. The
International Conference on Affective Human Factors Design, 2001, London. [Online].
London: Asean Academic Press, no pagination. [Accessed November 24 2018].
Available from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Affective-Design-of-E-
Commerce-User-Interfaces-%3A-to-Egger/aa320c098c0557986250a903624b0980db
fcc40a
Emurian, H. H. and Wang, Y. D. 2004. An Overview of Online Trust: Concepts,
Elements, and Implications. Computers in Human Behaviours. 21(1), pp.104-125.
Flu, M.B., Lovlie, L., and Reason, B. 2016. Service Design for Business. New Jersey:
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Francisco, K. and Swanson, D. 2018. The Supply Chain Has No Clothes: Technology
Adoption of Blockchain for Supply Chain Transparency. Department of Marketing &
Logistics, University of North Florida. 2(1): no pagination.
Galvez, J., Mejuto, J.C., Simal-Gandara, J. 2018. Future Challenges on the use of
blockchain for food traceability analysis. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 107(No
issue number), pp.222-232.
Hawlitschek, F., Notheisen, B., and Teubner, T. 2018. The Limits of Trust-Free
Systems: A Literature Review on Blockchain Technology and Trust in the Sharing
Economy. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications. 29(No issue number), pp.
50-63.
Hawlitschek, F., Notheisen, B., and Weinhardt, C. 2017. Breaking Down the
Blockchain Hype - Towards a Blockchain Market Engineering Approach. 25th
European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), June 5-10, 2017, Portugal. [No
place]:ECIS, pp.1062-1080.
Kouhizadeh, M., Saberi, S., Sarkis, J., and Shen, L. 2018. [Forthcoming]. Blockchain
technology and its relationship to sustainable supply chain management.
International Journal of Production Research. [Online]. [Accessed 25 November
2018]. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00207543.
2018.1533a261?journalCode=tprs20
Kshetri, N. 2018. 1 Blockchain’s roles in meeting key supply chain management
objectives. International Journal of Information Management. 39(No issue number),
pp. 80-89.
Lu, Q. and Xu, X. 2017. Adaptable Blockchain-Based Systems: A Case Study for
Product Traceability. IEEE Software. 34(6): pp.21-27.
Musso, S., Perboli, G., and Rosano, M. 2018. Blockchain in Logistics and Supply
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