Discussion: Developmental and Psychosocial Considerations

STAGE

BASIC CONFLICT

CHARACTERISTICS

Infant

Trust vs. Mistrust

Needs maximum comfort with minimal uncertainty to trust himself/herself, others, and the environment.

Toddler

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Works to master physical environment while maintaining self-esteem.

Preschool

Initiative vs. Guilt

Begins to initiate, not imitate, activities; develops conscience and sexual identity.

School Age

Industry vs. Inferiority

Tries to develop a sense of self-worth by refining skills.

Adolescent

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Tries integrating many roles (child, sibling, student, athlete, worker) into a self-image under role model and peer pressure.

Young Adult

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Learns to make personal commitment to another as spouse, parent, or partner.

Middle Adulthood

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Seeks satisfaction through productivity in career, family, and civic interests.

Late Adulthood

Integrity vs. Despair

Reviews life accomplishments, deals with loss and preparation for death.