Discussion 2
EDU621
Assessing Student Learning
Belhaven University
Unit 2B
Christian Worldview and Assessment
What do you really believe?
1
Lecture Part A
Animism
Pantheism
Naturalism
(Modernism)
Lecture Part B
Post-Modernism
Theism
2
Five Worldviews
Image Sources (free to share and use):
https://christart.com/IMAGES-art9ab/clipart/3157/birth-death-burial-ressurrection.png
https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=M3zj%2fGU0&id=BF80EE00EA8E7D79C0FE7D1BCFD0222615CADCEA&thid=OIP.M3zj_
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Fallen_Monarchs_1886_by_William_Bliss_Baker.jpg/1200px-Fallen_Monarchs_1886_by_
William_Bliss_Baker.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Natural_yin_and_yang_formation.PNG
Background Information
Began in mid- to late-20th century
Present across the areas of philosophy, the arts,
architecture, education and criticism
Most widely believed non-Christian worldview
Pervades current thoughts and actions, even among
practicing Christians
Started with the ideas of modernism and has expanded
on those basis tenets
3
Pluralism (Post-Modernism)
Image source: http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsereviewofbooks/files/2015/11/postmodern-image.jpg
Free to share and use
Key tenets
Belief that truth is relative
Truth is a product of social, historical or political
interpretations or opinions
Truth is contextual or based on the society/culture where the
behavior happens
There is no objective ideas of reason, social programs,
moral standards or absolute truth; everything is
contextually or socially constructed.
Accordingly, postmodern thought is broadly characterized
by tendencies to epistemological and moral relativism,
pluralism, irreverence and self-referential behaviors
(*definitions) (Solomon, 1994)
4
Pluralism (Post-Modernism)
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Key tenets
Focuses on individual truths
Avoids information based on cultures, races, traditions or
groups
Believes that individual experiences are relative and cannot
yield universal truths
Does not believe in absolute principles for all such as those
present in religious or Christian teachings/truths
Rules, policies, guidelines for behavior cannot be set as
absolutes. “If it’s right for me, it’s right.” (Solomon, 1994)
How does this translate to educational experiences?
5
Pluralism (Post-Modernism)
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Administering assessments does not always take
time away from learning
Let your assessments double as learning
experiences
Benefits of assessments as instructional activities:
Enhance student content understanding
Promote essential skills that can transfer to other
aspects of student lives
See the big picture
Develop effective oral and written reports
Work cooperatively with peers
6
Types of Assessment
Traditional Assessment
Performance-Based Assessment
Rubrics
Portfolio Assessment
Affective Assessment
Likert Scales
Rating Scales
Semantic Differential Scales
Checklist
Ranking
Alternative Response
7
Types of Assessment
Image Source: https://opentextbc.ca/teachinginadigitalage/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2015/04/assessment2.jpg
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Traditional Assessments
Definition:
Conventional methods of testing
Typically produces a written document (format = quiz,
exam, written paper)
Additional examples: Standardized tests, most state
achievement tests, graduation exams or senior papers
Image Source: http://educ6040fall10.wikispaces.com/file/view/authentic2.jpg/185444617/521x198/authentic2.jpg
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Portfolio Assessment
Definition:
A purposeful collection of student work collected over
time
Goal: evaluate student work samples, learning
progress, academic achievement
NOT just a folder of work completed (i.e., elementary
school weekly signed papers folder)
Essential element – student reflection and/or analysis
of documents contained within the portfolio
Image Source: https://e-language.wikispaces.com/file/view/E-portfolio_2_(Flickr).jpg/95568492/374x250/E-portfolio_2_(Flickr).jpg
Free to Share and Use
Affective Assessments
Definition:
Assessment based on the student’s attitudes, interest
and values.
Affective Assessment Types Likert Scales
Rating Scales
Semantic Differential Scales
Checklist
Ranking
Image Source: http://pamhook.com/mediawiki/images/3/3c/HookED_SOLO5_rs.jpg ; https://i.stack.imgur.com/dqLr8.jpg;
https://nursingclass.wikispaces.com/file/view/faces_1.gif/280134154/faces_1.gif; http://www.doctordisruption.com/wp-
content/uploads/2014/01/semantic-differential-scales.png ; https://interactive-
notebooks.wikispaces.com/file/view/ExampleChecklist.gif/35039055/ExampleChecklist.gif;
https://i.stack.imgur.com/xKDsz.png. Free to Share and Use
Alternative Response
Definition:
Special case of multiple-choice assessment
Forced choice, true/false, either-or types of questions
Can be “choose all that apply” multiple choice questions
Best used when you want to assess a student’s ability to
recall facts or knowledge
When carefully written, can be used to measure
application and/or comprehension
Example:
T F If a distribution of scores has a few extremely low
scores, then the median will be numerically larger than the
mean.
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Free to Share and Use
Performance-Based Assessments
Definition:
Requires that students demonstrate their mastery of
specific skills or concepts
Typically requires students to perform or produce
something
Examples
Now being incorporated into state end-of-year
assessments
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Christianity is a theistic worldview
Ethics firmly based on moral absolutes
Belief in a transcendent God who has shown humankind
what is right and wrong
Ethics and moral behavior based on God’s revelation of
what is right and wrong
Whatever God has revealed to be right is right, and
anything that runs contrary to that is considered wrong. (Solomon, 1994)
How does this apply to assessments?
13
Theism
Image Source: https://christart.com/IMAGES-art9ab/clipart/3157/birth-death-burial-ressurrection.png
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Secular Principles
Fairness
Reason
Cultural norms
Level of harm to self
and others
Parental values and
guidance
Autonomy
Duty
Avoiding or
preventing suffering
Christian Principles
Stewardship
Sacrifice
Valuing both self and others as
made in God’s image
Respecting self and others
because we belong to God
Dignity of all people
Community/communal values
over individual values
The Baptismal Covenant
The broader idea of “covenant”
with God and others
Compassion
(Dollar, 2012)
Complete reading assignments.
Complete writing assignments.
Answer discussion questions.
Complete unit quiz.
15
What’s next?
References
Allen, M. J. (2004). Assessing academic programs in higher education. San
Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching,
and assessing (Abr. ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Animism. (2017). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animism
Bixler, B. (2014). Instructional goals and objectives. Retrieved from
http://www.personal.psu.edu/staff/b/x/bxb11/Objectives/
Davis, F. (2010). Worldview and ethics. Retrieved from
http://www.marketfaith.org/worldview-and-ethics/
16
References
Dollar, E. P. (2012). Christian ethics 101: What makes ethics “Christian”?
Retrieved from
http://www.patheos.com/blogs/ellenpainterdollar/2012/09/christian-ethics-
101-what-makes-ethics-christian/
Harrow, J. (1977). Taxonomy of the psychomotor domain. New York, NY:
Langman.
Harvey, G. (2005). Animism: Respecting the living world. London, England:
Hurst and Co. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Adelaide, South
Australia, Wakefield Press.
History of modernism. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.mdc.edu/wolfson/Academic/ArtsLetters/art_philosophy/Human
ities/history_of_modernism.htm
17
References
Krathwohl, D. R. (1964). Taxonomy of educational objectives, handbook II:
Affective domain. New York, NY: David McKay.
Solomon, J. (1994). World views. Retrieved from
http://wri.leaderu.com/orgs/probe/docs/w-views.html
Image References http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6UteE3rFI5U/UcAI-6ilx_I/AAAAAAAAMpk/D6a1TNf5kNE/s640/
learning+outcomes.jpg
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-
TlWC_7LfEuY/T5s5IYXtI5I/AAAAAAAAFuo/BuAruNWJvbA/s1600/Christian-
worldview.jpg
http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsereviewofbooks/files/2015/11/postmodern-image.jpg
http://educ6040fall10.wikispaces.com/file/view/authentic2.jpg/185444617/521x198/authentic
2.jpg
http://istc702summer08.wikispaces.com/file/view/Cartoon2.jpg/34789401/Cartoon2.jpg
http://pamhook.com/mediawiki/images/3/3c/HookED_SOLO5_rs.jpg
http://sd20professionaldevelopment.wikispaces.com/file/view/afl2.jpg/175848265/afl2.jpg
http://www.doctordisruption.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/semantic-differential-
scales.png
http://www.sezin.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/IMG_5797.jpg
http://www.tameyourassets.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Depositphotos_40855487_m-
2015.jpg
http://www.thebluediamondgallery.com/highlighted/images/ethics.jpg
http://www.thesociologicalcinema.com/uploads/4/8/3/9/4839762/4085634_orig.jpg
Image References https://christart.com/IMAGES-art9ab/clipart/3157/birth-death-burial-ressurrection.png
https://hewhohasearslethimhear.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/pantheism-
1.jpg?w=297&h=300
https://hewhohasearslethimhear.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/pantheism-
1.jpg?w=297&h=300
https://i.stack.imgur.com/dqLr8.jpg
https://i.stack.imgur.com/xKDsz.png
https://interactive-notebooks.wikispaces.com/file/view/ExampleChecklist.gif/ 35039055/
ExampleChecklist.gif
https://jenjaynewilson.files.wordpress.com/2015/11/assessment.jpg
https://opentextbc.ca/teachinginadigitalage/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2015/04/
assessment2.jpg
https://orig02.deviantart.net/e81c/f/2017/057/f/e/fefebb1ac4f2bcd1a96eb48c5b307281-db0i22
j.png
https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/4e98b8d90e49178afd77ff6db699d704?s=200&ts=
1500987980
https://stephaniededhar.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/picture3.png
Image References
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Natural_yin_and_yang_formation.PNG
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/AnimismSymbol.PNG/117px-
AnimismSymbol.PNG
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Fallen_Monarchs_1886_by_
William_Bliss_Baker.jpg/1200px-Fallen_Monarchs_1886_by_William_Bliss_Baker.jpg