Male and Female Wage Disparity in Developed Countries

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Project Title

Name of the student

School of Economics, The University of Sydney

Research report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Economics

Semester 1, 2020

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Statement of Originality

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no

material previously published or written by another person. Nor does it contain any material which has

been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at the University of Sydney or at any other

educational institution, except where due acknowledgment is made in this thesis.

Any contributions made to the research by others with whom I have had the benefit of working at the

University of Sydney is explicitly acknowledged.

I also declare that the intellectual content of this study is the product of my own work and research,

except to the extent that assistance from others in the project’s conception and design is acknowledged.

Name of student

Date

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Acknowledgement

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Abstract

100 words

3-5 key words

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At the very least, you should have the following sections (content) in your final report.

Contents

1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................

2 Method ...........................................................................................................................................

3 Background: Debate on the relationship between health and economic growth .............................

4 Theoretical Framework on the link between health and economic growth .....................................

5 Empirical results from the macroeconomic studies on health and economic growth ......................

6 Empirical results from the microeconomic studies on health and economic growth ......................

7 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................

References ..............................................................................................................................................

Appendix .............................................................................................................................................

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1 Introduction

The Topic: is the broad subject matter being addressed in a study. Introduced in the first paragraphs.

The Research Problem: an area of conflict, concern, or controversy, a gap. State the problem in the

opening paragraph (i.e., something that needs a solution). Identify an issue. Reference the problem

using the literature.

Significance: Why the research problem is important. For example, the proposed study is significant

since it addresses the sustainable development goals of zero hunger and eradication of poverty.

Background and Justification: The evidence and relevance from the literature and published or

archival data showing the problem exists. Include key references. You should also have a theoretical

basis for the study. Deficiencies in the Evidence: Include a brief discussion that details the area of

need (in relation to the problem) and the deficiency or lack of evidence in the literature.

Research Aim/Objective/Purpose: Major intent or objective of the study. Create a sentence that begins

with “The purpose/objective of this study is . . .” Clearly identify and define the central concepts or

ideas of the study.

Research questions: can be quantitative (more closed. Often on probable cause/effect) or qualitative

(more open ended - descriptive /interpretive /process oriented) or a mix of both.

Contribution of the study. For example, the study addresses a specific gap in the literature and hence,

adds value to the scholarly literature on the subject.

Key finding - summary of findings in two lines. e.g. I find that education does not have any impact on

happiness, however, income does increase happiness - $1 increase in per capita monthly income is

associated with 1 percentage point increase in happiness.

2 Method

As explained before in the previously-posted research guidelines, points to be considered for a

literature review-based research are as follows (at the very least)

• How was the literature selected? Search strategy.

• What keywords and procedures were used to search the literature?

• What databases were used?

• What criteria were used for retaining or discarding the literature?

• How was the literature reviewed? Authors may do a complete reading of each piece of

literature, analyze methods and findings only, or conduct a staged review (i.e., an initial review of

abstracts, and/or introduction, followed by an in-depth review) to analyze the literature.

• How are the main ideas and themes from the literature identified and analyzed?

If you have conducted any data analysis, add a separate paragraph on data details and explain how yiu

intend to analyze the data. Also briefly explain why you are doing this?

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Finally, how do you plan to organize your literature review? - For example, I attempt to answer my

key research question (on the relationship between health and economic growth) by organizing my

literature review in the following manner. First, in Section 3, I discuss the debate in the literature on

the relationship between health and economic growth. Next, in Section 4, I discuss the theoretical

framework for the link between health and economic growth. In Section 5, I discuss the empirical

results from the macroeconomic studies on health and economic growth. In Section 6, I discuss the

empirical results from the macroeconomic studies on health and economic growth. Section 7 is

Conclusion which summarizes my key findings from the literature. In this section, I also discuss the

policy implications of my results & key limitations of the study; as well as offer directions for future

research.

Note: additionally, if you have done any data analysis in your literature review, add a separate section

in the main review. For example, in this example, Section 7 could be " Results of data analysis on the

health indicators and GDP growth in Australia in 2019.

3 Background: Debate on the relationship between health and economic growth

4 Theoretical Framework on the link between health and economic growth

3.1 Static framework

3.4 Dynamic framework

5 Empirical results from the macroeconomic studies on health and economic growth

Here you report key findings and discuss results (please note that having Findings &

discussion as separate sub-sections is just one of several ways of organizing a literature

review. Not all topics are suitable for this structure).

5.1 Findings

Here you can report main findings in a table and just refer to the table as explained in the previous

guideline (see Table 1 at the end of the document - a template).

5.2 Discussion of findings

You know what to write here. Follow marking rubric and try to stick to the expectations of D and HD

criteria. For example, do not simply summarize results. Interpret, critically discuss

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6 Empirical results from the microeconomic studies on health and economic growth

6.1 Findings

6.2 Discussion of findings

7 Conclusion

7.1 Summary of findings & Policy Implications of key findings

7.2 Limitations of the study

7.3 Directions for future research

References/Bibliography

Appendix. Here you can include additional materials which support the analysis but which need not

be included in the main body of the report. For examples, details of survey design, variable

construction, additional results etc.

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Table 1: Summary of Key Findings on the link between Health & Economic growth

Author Country Year of

publication

Data

(name of survey

and unit of analysis –

national/state/individual)

Sample size

(if

applicable)

Period

of

study

Model

/Method

(if

applicable)

Key findings

Maccini

& Yang

Indonesia 2009 Indonesia Family Life

Survey (IFLS).

Unit of analysis –

individuals

4,615

women and

4,277 men

2000 Instrumental

variable

regression

*Higher early-life

rainfall has positive

effects on the adult

outcomes of women,

but not of men

Bleakely

&

Bleakely

Global 2010 Various sources NA various Literature

review

The relationship between

health and economic

growth is inconclusive

since researchers have not

been able to satisfactorily

address the issue of –

endogeneity arising from

reverse causality – a

serious methodological

concern in this literature

Mincer, NA 1984 NA NA NA Theoretical Human-capital

accumulation is an

important link between

economic growth and the

‘demographic transition’.

NA: not applicable

References

Mincer, J. (1984) Human capital and economic growth. Economics of Education Review. [Online] 3

(3), 195–205.

Maccini, Sharon, and Dean Yang. 2009. "Under the Weather: Health, Schooling, and Economic

Consequences of Early-Life Rainfall." American Economic Review, 99 (3): 1006-26.

Bleakley, H. & Bleakley, H. (2010) Health, Human Capital, and Development. Annual Review of

Economics. 2283–310. [online]. Available from: http://search.proquest.com/docview/856399120/