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FOCUS 1 ENG2209

Creating an APA Reference Page

General Guidelines:

1. At the end of the paper, create a list of every source cited in the paper. At the top of this page, the word

References (without italics) should be centered one inch from the top of the page.

2. List each source cited in the body of your paper alphabetically. Alphabetize the list by the last names of

the authors (or editors); when the author or editor is unknown, alphabetize by the first word of the title

other than A, An, and The.

3. Use a hanging indent: type the first line of each entry flush with the left margin and indent any

additional lines one-half inch (or five spaces).

4. Double-space within each entry, and double space between each entry. In other words, your reference

page should look double spaced throughout just as the body of your paper does; do not quadruple space

between sources.

5. Double-space after the word References.

6. Include a page number and header (same as throughout the body of

your paper) on your reference page. The numbering should be

consecutive with the rest of your paper—if your paper ends on page 8,

your reference page will be page 9.

7. Because an APA reference page includes only references that are recoverable, do not include personal

communications, such as letters, memoranda, and informal electronic communication. These types of

sources will be cited in the actual text instead. We will discuss how to cite these types of sources within

the body of your paper when reviewing in-text citations.

Specific Formats for Sources

 Books

Author. (Date). Title of book. City: Publisher’s Name in full.

Goodman, K. (1996). On reading: A common-sense look at the nature of language and the

science of reading. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

 Article in newspapers

Author. (Year, Month day). Title of article. Name of Newspaper, page numbers with p.

Harris, J. (1996, May 2). Doctors reveal a medical mystery. The Washington Post, pp. C1, C3.

 Articles in magazines

Author. (Year, Month). Title of article. Name of Magazine, volume number, page numbers.

Quizno, P. R. (1995, August 4). The hidden causes of heart disease. Time, 134, 33-36.

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 Articles in scholarly journals

Author. (Date). Title of article. Name of Journal, volume number (issue number if available),

page numbers.

Brach, M. P., & Smith, J. F. (1995). The disintegration of the relational zone. Psychology

Profile, 23(3), 12-34.

 Documents from internet sites

Author. (Date of publication). Title of document. Retrieved month, day, year, from URL

Johnson, P. R. The Spurgeon archive. (2006). Retrieved April 22, 2008 from

http://www.spurgeon.org/

 Documents from online periodicals located through Library Subscription Services

Author. (Date of publication). Title of article. Name of Periodical, volume number, starting page

number+. Retrieved from DOI or URL (See BRC APA e-References Guide).

Wopereis, I., Brand-Gruwel, S., & Vermetten, Y. (2008). The effect of embedded instruction on

solving information problems. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(3), 738-752.

doi:10.1016/j.chb.2007.01.024

Little Details to Remember:

 Capitalization: Capitalize the first letter of the first word in the title of an article or a book, the first letter of the first word immediately following a colon, and all proper nouns. Do not capitalize all key words,

except when giving the title of a periodical or newspaper.

Book: On reading: A common-sense look at the nature of language and the science of reading.

Magazine Article: Sending away for help: A mother’s cry for extended family in New England.

 Publisher Information: According to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association

(5th ed., p. 217), you should only list the following locations without a state abbreviation or country

because they are cities well known for publishing:

Baltimore San Francisco Paris

Boston Amsterdam Rome

Chicago Jerusalem Stockholm

Los Angeles London Tokyo

New York Milan Vienna

Philadelphia Moscow

 Two to seven authors: Use an & instead of and between the last two authors in sources with multiple authors. Also, use a comma in front of the & in this list (even when you are only listing two authors).

Smith, T., Dunn, S., & Smeede, R. (2003). Taken for ransom. New York: Putnam.

 Eight or more authors: List the first six authors and the very last author on the source. Use ellipses between the sixth and last author.

White, B., Smith, J., Harrison, G., Cho, D., Pulicks, R., Schultz, F., … Johnson, N. (2010). …

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 No author: If a source has no author, you begin the citation with the title of the source.

Songs of another world. (1993). Willingboro, NJ: Casedon.

 Editor as author: For a source with an editor instead of an author, include the Ed. title in parentheses after

the editor’s name:

Collins, W. (Ed.). (1992). Spiritual heights: Climbing God’s holy mountain. Pasadena, CA:

Westinghouse.

 Article/chapter in an edited book: If you use an anthology (a book with a compilation of many essays/articles written by various authors), use the following format:

Author’s Last Name, First Initial. (Date). Title of essay/chapter of book that the author wrote. In

Editor’s Name with first initial and last name, Title of anthology (pp. of selection). City:

Publisher.

Smith, D. (2004). The fight for life. In T. Stanford, Harrowing stories of life and death (pp. 234-

250). Chicago: Miller and Motley.

 Edition (other than 1st edition): After the title, include the edition number in parentheses.

Hallowell, E. M., & Ratey, J.J., Jr. (1994). Answers to distraction (2nd ed.). New York: Bantam.

 Journal titles and volume numbers: The underline/italics in an entry of a periodical should cover the periodical title and the volume number.

Smith, T. (1998). Becoming friends with the wind. Journal of New Technology, 23, 34-50.

 Journal issue numbers: If each issue of a journal begins on page 1, give the issue number of the journal in parentheses immediately after the volume number with no space in-between and no underline/italics of

the issue number.

Brach, M. P. (1995). The disintegration of the relational zone. Psychology Profile, 23(3), 12-34.

 Newspaper page numbers: When giving the page numbers of a newspaper article, use a comma to show that the page numbers are discontinuous. The newspaper article in this example started on A3 and then

continued on A5.

Salsbury, P. (1998, June 4). New approach to mathematics comes to some Twin Cities’ school

districts. The Pioneer Press, p. A3, A5.

 Journal page numbers: When citing a full-text article from an online database that does not give the complete page numbers that the article appeared in a journal, use a plus sign after the starting page

number to show that the article continues past that page.

Brown, C. E. (1996). Juliet’s taming of Romeo. Studies in English Literature, 36(2), 333+.

Retrieved from http://muse.jhu.edu

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Writing Annotations (APA Style)

If you have been thorough in completing a source sheet on each source that

you have researched for your paper, writing annotations for your bibliography

will be fairly easy. Use the notes you have already gathered on these sheets

about your sources and their authors to write your annotations

Annotations include (in this order):

1. A 1-2 sentence summary of the source.

2. The author’s credentials.

Please keep in mind the following guidelines:

 Write annotations for credentialed sources only.

 Annotations should be written formally (in complete sentences to match your paper).

 Annotations start immediately after the reference page citation; do not press <enter> and then start the

annotation.

 For a source with multiple authors, write credentials for all authors in the citation if possible.

 If an author has many credentials that would require writing more than two sentences, be selective in

what credentials you include for your audience. You should spend no more than 2 sentences on an

author.

Sample Annotated Bibliography:

*Please note that the retrieval statement information formatted below differs from what the online lesson

discusses due to APA Style Manual updates. Follow the retrieval statement formatting that is presented

in this sample bibliography and in the BRC APA e-References Guide link.

References

Baron, A. (2005). The people impact of outsourcing. Strategic Communications Management,9(1), 13. This

article describes the human element and effects of global outsourcing and provides a less business

focused and more human focused point of view. Baron cites the effects of poorly done outsourcing.

Baron is the Senior manager, Global Services Business Operations & Strategic Planning, Cisco Systems

Inc. She has also been a consultant worldwide for HR companies.

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Facanha, C., & Horvath, A. (2005). Environmental assessment of logistics outsourcing. [Abstract]. Journal of

Management in Engineering, 21(1), 27-38. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2007.01.024. This article briefly

describes the environmental benefits of outsourcing practices. Horvath, co author of this article (with Ph.

D candidate Facanha), is an Assistant Professor at the University of California, Department of Civil and

Environmental Engineering.

Finch, B. (2003). OperationsNow.com. New York: McGraw-Hill. This college text book gives some good

summaries on the causes and effects of outsourcing in today’s global world, specifically stating the

efficiency and economics of global outsourcing. Finch has a BS and a MS from Iowa State University

and is currently Professor of Operations Management at Miami University. He has been published in

journals such as the Journal of Operations Management and the International Journal of Production

Research, as well as being the author and co-author of many textbooks.

Jones, W. (2004, March 5). From IPO to BPO: The growth of offshore outsourcing. Siliconindia, 42-43.

Retrieved from http://www.businesssourcepremier.org

Tyson, L. (2004, February 23). Outsourcing: Who’s safe anymore? Business Week Online. Retrieved

from www.businessweek.com/print/magazin/content/04_08.htm This article

states the fears and possible consequences of loosing American jobs to global outsourcing. Tyson

is the Dean of the Haas School of Business at the University of California at Berkeley. Between

February 1995 and December 1996, she served as the President’s National Economic Adviser of

the U.S. She has a Ph.D. in economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.