On Sun, Oct 28, 2018 at 12:19 AM Alice Walker <alicewalker017@gmail.com> wrote:
Constitution of the Kingdom Saudi Arabia
https://www.saudiembassy.net/basic-law-governance
Basic Law of Governance
How enacted?
Basic Law of Governance
The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Fahd Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud issued a Royal Decree embodying the Basic Law of Governance. The following is the text of the Decree.
In the name of God, the most compassionate, the most Merciful.
No: A/90
Dated 27th Sha'ban 1412 H (1 March 1992)
With the help of God, we, Fahd Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud, Monarch of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, having taken into consideration the public interest, and in view of the progress of the State in various fields and out of the desire to achieve the objectives we are pursuing, have decreed the following:
That the promulgation of the Basic Law of Governance is as the attached text.
That all regulations, orders and decrees in force shall remain valid when this Basic Law comes into force, until they are amended to conform with it.
That this decree shall be published in the Official Gazette, and shall come into force on the date of its publication.
Chapter Two: The Law of Governance
Article 5
a. The system of government in Saudi Arabia shall be monarchical
b. The dynasty right shall be confined to the sons of the Founder, King Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud (Ibn Saud), and the sons of sons. The most eligible among them shall be invited, through the process of "bai'ah", to rule in accordance with the Book of God and the Prophet's Sunnah.
c. The King names the Crown Prince and may relieve him of his duties by Royal Order.
Chapter Five: Rights and Duties
See the Chapter for Specific Rights
Enforcement mechanism
Article 43:
Councils held by the King and the Crown Prince shall be open for all citizens and anyone else who may have a complaint or a grievance. A citizen shall be entitled to address public authorities and discuss any matters of concern to him.
Chapter Six: The Authorities of the State
Article 44:
The Authorities of the State consist of:
The Judicial Authority
The Executive Authority
The Regulatory Authority
These Authorities will cooperate in the performance of their functions, according to this Law or other laws. The King is the ultimate arbiter for these Authorities.
Chapter Six: The Authorities of the State
Definition of arbiter as per dictionary – Merriam webster
1 : a person with power to decide a dispute : judge The mayor will act as the final arbiter in any dispute between board members.
2 : a person or agency whose judgment or opinion is considered authoritative
King is head of State and Head of Government
Chapter Six: The Authorities of the State
Judiciary
Article 46:
The Judiciary is an independent authority. The decisions of judges shall not be subject to any authority other than the authority of the Islamic Sharia.
Chapter Six: The Authorities of the State
King is head of State and Head of Government
Article 55:
The King shall rule the nation according to the Sharia. He shall also supervise the implementation of the Sharia, the general policy of the State, and the defense and protection of the country.
Executive
Article 56:
The King is the Prime Minister. Members of the Council of Ministers shall assist him in the performance of his mission according to the provisions of this Law and other laws.
Cabinet
Article 57:
The King shall appoint and relieve deputies of the Prime Minister and member minister of the Council by Royal Decree.
Deputies of the Prime Minister and member ministers of the Council shall be jointly responsible to the King for the implementation of the Sharia, laws and the general policy of the State.
The King is entitled to dissolve and reconstitute the Council of Ministers.
Commander in Chief of the armed forces
Article 60:
The King is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. He shall appoint and dismiss officers form service, as provided by terms of the Law.
Head of State
Article 63:
The King shall receive kings and heads of state, appoint his representatives to other states, and receive credentials of other states' representatives accredited to him.
Legislative
Article 67:
The Regulatory Authority shall be concerned with the making of laws and regulations which will safeguard all interests, and remove evil from the State's affairs, according to Sharia. Its powers shall be exercised according to provisions of this Law and the Law of the Council of Ministers and the Law of the Shura Council.
Article 70:
Laws, international agreements, treaties and concessions shall be approved and amended by Royal Decrees
Chapter Eight: Institutions of Audit
Article 79:
All revenues and expenditures of the State, as well as movable and fixed assets, shall be subsequently audited to ensure proper use and management. An annual report to this effect shall be forwarded to the Prime Minister. The Law shall specify details of the competent auditing institution, together with its affiliations and areas of authority.
Article 80:
Governmental institutions shall also be audited to ensure proper administrative performance and implementation of laws. Financial and administrative violations shall be investigated. An annual report shall be forwarded to the Prime Minister. The Law shall specify details of the competent institution in charge, together with its affiliations and areas of authority.
Chapter Nine: General Principles
Article 81:
With regard to treaties and agreements, the application of this Law shall not violate commitments of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia towards other states, international organizations and bodies.
That is International agreements and this law are not to be discordant
Amendment Process
Article 83:
No amendment to this Law shall be made, except in the same manner as it was promulgated.
Royal Decree