Concept map
Concept Map
Kehinde Alabi
NR226
Professor Mazzo
May 26th 2022.
Pathophysiology review
Dry cough that has mucous, fever, fatigue, and weight loss
Medical Diagnoses
Tuberculosis
Assessment Data
Student; Kehinde Alabi
Date: May 26th 2022.
Patient initials: ___________
Age: ___22__ Male / Female
Nursing Diagnosis related to --- as evidence by---Impaired mobility as seen by the patient’s inability to walk evidently due to fatigue
Nursing Diagnosis related to --- as evidence by---Inability to cope with the current situation
Cite Sources using APA additional page
Measurable Expected Outcomes
Patient able to communicate and verbalize her needs and understand ways to meet them
Measurable Expected Outcomes
Demonstrate increased mobility after three weeks
Assist patient with self-management tips
Intervention
Ensure proper hygienic measures
Intervention
Communicate with the patient emphatically
Regularly disinfect and clean patient room
Intervention
Encourage physical activity and proper nutrition
Intervention
Position the patient correctly on regular basis to promote airway clearance
Intervention
Intervention
Nursing Diagnosis related to --- as evidence by---Inability to clear airway as evidenced by severe coughing (Sharma & Sarkar, 2018).
Measurable Expected Outcomes
Ability to clear airway after four weeks
Add as many intervention boxes as needed
Evaluation
See Slide 8
Evaluation
See slide 8
Evaluation
Evaluation
See slide 8
Use as many pages as needed to complete your concept map
Assessment/Patho
Tuberculosis
It is a potentially severe infection bacterial disease that primarily affect the lungs
TB causing bacteria is spread when an individual coughs or sneezes.
Individuals infected with the bacteria do not exhibit symptoms initially.
Symptoms include a cough, which is sometimes blood-tinged, night sweats, weight loss, and fever.
Pathophysiology:
Transmission of tuberculosis occurs by air, and not by surface contact.
It is transmitted when an individual inhales droplet that has M. tuberculosis and the droplet nuclei passes through the mouth or nasal passages, upper respiratory tract, and bronchi to reach the lungs’ alveoli.
The infectious droplet of M-tuberculosis is produced when individuals having laryngeal or pulmonary TB disease sneeze, cough, sing or shout.
The bacteria are deposited on the alveoli of the lungs and multiply
Bacilli are also transported to other body parts via the blood stream and through inflammation of the lymph node
Assessment
General: fatigue, fever
Head: normocepahlic, no lesions. Face: Symmetrical, PERLA: pupils equally round and reactive to light and accomodation, Skin: normal, but excoriated, no rashes, dry, or tenting noted.
Neck: nonpalpable lymph nodes, supple, no JVD, full range of motion
Respiratory: Unilateral (left side) crepitations, cough with mucous
Cardiovascular: Regular rhythm, no gallops, murmurs, or rubs.
Neurological: Patient oriented to person, time, and place
GI: Symmetrical abdomen, normal bowel sounds in all quadrants upon auscultation, No masses, tenderness, or rigidity in all quadrants. No pain during urination
Musculoskeletal: Fatigue, no reports of muscle weakness
Neurological: Reports weight loss
Incision rate: No odor or drainage noted , dressing dry.
Vitals: T: 98 F; HR: 84; BP; 130/90; RR; 20, Sop2; 98%
Nursing Intervention
Nursing Interventions
Provide safe environment
Ensure correct positioning of the patient
When appropriate administer medication
Rationale
Ensures limited transmission and reduces patient’s susceptibility to other infections
Promotes airway clearance
Help to treat tuberclosis
Cont’
Nursing Interventions
Correct position the patient regularly as need
Advice patient to adhere to the treatment regimen
Promote adequate nutrition and activity
Monitor the patient for adverse effects of medication
Rationale
It will allow for drainage and enhance fluid intake that facilitates systemic hydration
Offers an effective means of preventing TB transmission
Helps to increase activity tolerance , muscle strength, and overall well-being
Ensures immediate intervention is provided to promote patient safety
Cont’
Nursing Interventions
Encourage the patient to observe essential hygienic measures , including mouth care, covering nose and mouth when coughing and sneezing, handwashing, and proper disposal of tissues.
Acid-fast bacillus isolation, including moving the patient to a private room.
Assisting patients in self-management tips by actively engaging in planning their care and setting realistic personal goals
Use of empathetic communication
Rationale
Help to prevent spreading of TB infection
Helps ensure the safety of the patient and minimize transmission
Actively engaging patient in decision-making aids in attaining independence of the patient
Ensures strong nurse-patient relationships
Evaluation
| Impaired mobility as seen by the patient’s inability to walk evidently due to fatigue | Inability to clear airway as evidenced by severe coughing | Inability to cope with the current situation |
| Outcome: Be able to demonstrate increased mobility after 3 weeks (Agarwal & Sarthi, 2020). | Outcome: Be able to drain airway and intake fluid | Outcome: Be able to communicate patient needs and understand ways to meet them (WHO, 2014). |
| Improved patient mobility demonstrating achievement of outcomes. Patient demonstrates enhanced muscle endurance, improved gait and increased strength. | Outcomes are met as patient can efficiently drain airway and intake fluid | Outcomes are met as patient has verbalized her needs and understood ways to meet them. Patient needs further assistance in terms of therapeutic support to promote her future mental well-being. |
| Safety | Communication | Infection Control |
| Patient safety was ensured through effective airborne precautions. The patient’s room was frequently cleaned and disinfected. | Patient is shown empathy and compassion to ensure trustful patient-provider relationships. Information delivered to the patient in a manner she can understand. Provision of emotional support to the patient to ensure effective communication. | Proper airborne precautions and other precautionary measures for the patient and provider are useful in controlling infections. It is essential to clean and disinfect the patient’s room to minimize transmission (CDC, 2016). The nurse should promote airway clearance through ensuring correct positioning of the patient to allow for drainage and enhance fluid intake that facilitates systemic hydration (Belleza, 2021). |
References
Agarwal, N., & Sarthi, P. (2020). The necessity of psychological interventions to improve compliance with Tuberculosis treatment and reduce psychological distress. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 9(8),4174–4180. https://doi.org/10.4103%2Fjfmpc.jfmpc_1404_20
Belleza, M. (2021, February 12). Pulmonary Tuberculosis. https://nurseslabs.com/pulmonary-tuberculosis/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016, January 7). Infection Control: Transmission-Based Precautions. https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/basics/transmission-based-precautions.html
Sharma, D., & Sarkar, D. (2018). Pathophysiology of Tuberculosis: An Update Review. Pharmatutor, 6(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.29161/PT.v6.i2.2018.15
World Health organization (2014). Companion Handbook to the WHO Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK247419/