cogpsy

Section 1: Language Structure—Generic Issues (12 points) 1. Each of the following sentences was used to illustrate an issue for language comprehension. Which issue was it intended to illustrate, and how does it illustrate that issue? (4 points each) a. The dogs walked in the park pee on trees.

b. The tuba is being played by Arlene. c. Pale children eat cold bread.

Section 2: Language Structure—PSG (9 points) 2. Use the phrase structure grammar below to answer questions about the parse of this sentence. (3 points each)

The dog chewed the toy.

S -> NP VP NP -> (Det) (Adj)* N (PP)* VP -> V (NP) (PP)* PP -> Prep NP

a. What is the first NP? b. What is the VP? c. What is the NP in the VP?

Section 5: Heuristics I (20 points) 5. The simulation heuristic causes people to make reasoning errors in each of the following situations. What type of reasoning error would people be likely to make and which aspect of simulation is influencing it? (5 points each) a. A football team decides to pass on second down with fan support and gets intercepted. Fans feel that passing was an obviously bad decision.

b. Steve chose to have sushi instead of his usual steak. The chef made a mistake and served Steve poison fish from which he died. If only...

c. I think it’s pretty likely that Bill is being sexist when he promotes a man from a set of one man and nine women that were competing for the promotion.

d. John is on Deal or No Deal and he turns down $425,000 to open one more box because the audience is screaming for him to do it. When he opens the million and his next offer is for only 75 cents, the audience is all like “he should never have gone for it.”