PR
Today
• A quick review • Body Paragraph
• Pattern/Structure • Ideas: Four Types of Response in the Body Paragraph
• Body Paragraph practice and examples
Homework
Q & A
APAT focuses on APA formatting, including basic page setting up, citation, and references.
The writing page includes a thesis statement and a background paragraph for PR responding to chapter 4, because we need these paragraphs to learn APA citation and references.
Part ONE (5%) APA Template Assignment (APAT) Due: May 21
Based on APAT, continue writing your PR.
Keep improving introduction, background, and body paragraphs to maximize your grade.
Part TWO: (10%) Personal Response Essay (PR) Due: June 4
Part THREE: (5%) In-Session Writing Test To be held June 7
Review: Personal Response Assignment (20%)
You will be tested on writing a personal response thesis statement and a body paragraph based on an article that I will provide you with.
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…………………… ………………….. …………………… …………………… ……………………. Body Paragraph 2 …………………… …………………… …………………… …………………… …………………….
Introduction
Background
Body Paragraph 1 …………………… ………………….. ……………………
………………….. ………………….. ………………… ……………… Conclusion ………………….. ………………….. ………………
Title page Writing Page Writing Page Writing Page References
Four references -3 from background paragraph -1 from body paragraph
Review: Personal Response Essay Overview
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Background Paragraph
Follow this sentence pattern:
1) Define the main topic “authentic leadership” (Maximum 2 sentences) e.g. Authentic leadership is ________________________ (Last name, year). [Researched, paraphrased and cited]
2) Introduce the author of the theory Bill George - his credibility/ authority (Maximum 2 sentences) e.g. George is ___________________________________ (Last name, year). [Researched, paraphrased and cited]
3) Summarize the Chapter (Maximum 3 sentences) e.g. In Chapter ( ), George (2015) ______________________________________. [Paraphrased and cited]
4) Transition to body paragraph (1 transition sentence - this idea will be explained in future classes. It’s fine not to include this for APA Template assignment, but it’s required for PR).
Review: Background Paragraph Pattern (p. 27)
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Introduction Paragraph Pattern
Sentence #1: Introductory sentence How can you get readers interested in reading your essay?
Sentence #2: Topic sentence What is your specific topic of this essay?
Sentence #3: Thesis Statement What is your controlling idea of this essay?
Review: Thesis Statement (p. 9) Thesis statement is the last sentence
of the introduction paragraph
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Review: Thesis Statement and Key words (p.25)
(Thesis key word) revealed in Chapter __ of True North (reaction) through: (paragraphs key word 1, and paragraph key word 2)
Follow this formula to write your thesis statement:
In your opinion, what is the most important thing that you learned in this chapter?
Your answer should not be the book title True North or the chapter title Chapter 4.
Try to summarize this main idea with one word (or one expression).
Can you think of two specific aspects of your above main idea (thesis key word) from the chapter?
(i.e. what are two specific things in the chapter you noticed that prove your idea above is important).
Try to limit the aspect to 1 word each if possible.
Example (using chapter 1 of True North. You should write your thesis statement based on the assigned chapter for PR. Learning from the past revealed in chapter 1 Your Life Story of “True North” explains to me that one’s experience can shape his/her authentic leadership skills through : understanding oneself and concentrating on other’s needs.
To indicate your reaction, you can use phrases such as: Reminds me of ____ [noun] Reinforces my understanding of ____ [noun] Draws my attention to ____ [noun] Makes me wonder/think/consider about ____ [noun] Makes me question how/why + full sentence Contributes to my thoughts about ____ [noun] Awakens my sense of ____ [noun] Inspires me to ____ [verb – an action]
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Body Paragraph
• Pattern/ Structure • Ideas
…………………… ………………….. …………………… …………………… ……………………. Body Paragraph 2 …………………… …………………… …………………… …………………… …………………….
Introduction
Background
Body Paragraph 1 …………………… ………………….. ……………………
………………….. ………………….. ………………… ……………… Conclusion ………………….. ………………….. ………………
Title page Writing Page Writing Page Writing Page References
Four references -3 from background paragraph -1 from body paragraph
Personal Response Essay Overview
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Pattern/Structure organizes your essay clearly!
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Structure/Pattern is important: Which one is easier to read?
The next slides showing he structure pattern that you should follow for writing PR body paragraph S. Zhou
Body Paragraph Pattern (p. 27)
Pa tt
er n
Assertion
Explanation
Evidence
Discussion
Connection
Make sure to follow the pattern closely!
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Body Paragraph Pattern (p. 27) Pa
tt er
n
Assertion
Explanation
Evidence
Discussion
Connection
Assertion • (1 sentence) • State what the paragraph will discuss/prove with
the thesis key word, and a paragraph key word (one aspect of the thesis key word/ main idea). • Very important: include the thesis key word and
one of the paragraph key words. (exactly same ones as in your thesis statement)
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Body Paragraph Pattern (p. 27) Pa
tt er
n
Assertion
Explanation
Evidence
Discussion
Connection
Explanation • 1 or maximum 2 sentences) • Explain the assertion in more detail, focusing on
the paragraph key word as it relates to the prompt, perhaps using some detail from the situation described by the prompt. • Transition word/phrase:
In more detail, More specifically, In other words
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Body Paragraph Pattern (p. 27) Pa
tt er
n
Assertion
Explanation
Evidence
Discussion
Connection
Evidence • a “quotation” from the reading chapter • make sure to introduce with detail from the
prompt (i.e. name of the speaker of the quotation or at least the source type), “quote” cite (Last name/organization, Year). • Transition word/phrase:
According to, As ( )states/reports/indicates
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Body Paragraph Pattern (p. 27) Pa
tt er
n
Assertion
Explanation
Evidence
Discussion
Connection
Discussion: • Explain in your own words how the evidence
proves the relationship of the key words for the assertion/thesis using a variety of the four types of response. • Follow the specific guidelines for creating
appropriately detailed comparative responses and personal response. • Transition word/phrase:
With this in mind/ Considering this/ This indicates that/ Clearly
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Body Paragraph Pattern (p. 27) Pa
tt er
n
Assertion
Explanation
Evidence
Discussion
Connection
Connection • 1 sentence • Using Thesis key word and the Paragraph key word
(aspect of the thesis key word/main idea) (same key words from the assertion), summarize in one sentence how the paragraph proved the assertion/thesis. • Transition word/phrase:
Therefore,/Thus,/Hence,/Consequently
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Assertion
Explanation
Evidence
Discussion
Connection
“Also” if it is the second paragraph or beyond
In more detail, More specifically, In other words
According to, As______states/reports/indicates, “quote” (Last name/organization, Year)
With this in mind, Considering this, This indicates that, Clearly, This causes me to feel ____(emotional) because____(intellectual)
Therefore,/Thus,/Hence,/Consequently
In comparison, ____(comparative) In my experience, ____(personal experience)
4 types of response
needed for this essay
In my opinion/ I think/ ….
Body Paragraph Pattern (Please download PR Body Paragraph Pattern from Moodle)
Don’t forget to use transition words
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Ideas/deep thoughts vitalize your writing
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Four Types of Response
to be included in the “discussion” in the body paragraph
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After reading/watching/ listening to something…….
what does the prompt show you? Or,
What is the most significant idea you learned from the prompt?
This idea can connect to
My emotion
My experience
My knowledge
Comparison with another
different culture,
perspective, etc
What is Personal Response? (p. 25)
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Four Types of Response Pa
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Assertion
Explanation
Evidence
Discussion (four types of responses)
Connection
Emotional response
Intellectual response
Comparative example response
This is where you need to use the researched public leader example that you have done in Worksheet 1 Planning My PR.
Personal experience response
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(1) Emotional Response (in the discussion)
• Some prompts make you feel angry, discouraged, encouraged, compassion, empathy, etc.
This causes me to feel ( ) because…..
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• A prompt will often make us think about something. • You might agree or disagree with what is said. • You might think of a theory or concept or theme.
In my opinion/I think/ I agree/ I disagree … ...
Transition words
(2) Intellectual Response (in the discussion)
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• A prompt will often lead you to compare to something else you know. • It may be a cross-cultural comparison or a regional comparison (such as Western/Eastern
Canada), a comparison to something you have read, a movie you have watched, a news story that comes to mind, etc.
• The Comparative response makes a connection between the prompt evidence and/or assertion idea and something from your knowledge outside of the class.
• PLEASE NOTE, it should NOT be something that you learned about in the class you are writing the paper for, or the prompt you are writing about (because this does not demonstrate that you can make connections with your knowledge outside of the class).
In comparison, ……
Transition words
(3) Comparative Example Response (in the discussion)
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• The comparative response must include reference to a public leader (i.e. a historical figure, political leader, religious leader, celebrity, etc.).
• An APA citation is required for the comparative response. • Using the internet, find a source of evidence about at least one public leader you know
that exemplifies the ideas in this paragraph (either a positive or negative idea). • The leader does NOT have to be a business leader (i.e. the leader could be a political
leader, religious leader, celebrity, etc.), and must not come from the book chapter itself.
(3) Comparative Example Response (in the discussion)
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• When you write these types of response, it does not have to be exactly the same experience/idea as what happened in the prompt.
• Instead, it can be similar/comparative in the abstract (i.e. it is similar in some way to the prompt). • The most important thing about this type of response is that you explain what the connection is!
(3) Comparative Example Response (in the discussion)
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How to write it in the discussion? • Transition word/phrase: In comparison, • State what the Comparative Response will be about.
this reminds me of the story of Walt Disney.
• Explain the comparative response in some detail. Disney is one of the most successful companies in the world, but when Walt Disney first tried to make an animation studio it did not make any money and had to be dissolved (MacQuarrie, 2015). Even after he made the Disney Company and had some success, the business still struggled, but Disney continued to learn from his failures in order to be successful.
• A final sentence that draws a direct connection with the evidence used in the paragraph from the prompt. i.e. This relates to/connects with/demonstrates what (the prompt) is discussing because… (explain why in one sentence)
This relates to what George writes about, just like Disney, George states that one must see failure as the pathway to success.
Or use Although/Though sentence frame. i.e. Although/Though (differences with the prompt), (similarities with the prompt).
(3) Comparative Example Response (in the discussion)
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• The PE response makes a connection between the prompt evidence and/or paragraph idea and something from your own personal social network. • It can be about your own experience, OR about someone that you
know personally (e.g. Your father/mother, relative, friend, teacher, or anyone that you know)
In my experience, ….
Transition words
(4) Personal Experience Response (in the discussion)
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• Transition word/phrase: In my experience, • State what the personal experience will be about.
what George discusses reminds me of when I failed a semester at university. • Explain the PE response in some detail.
In my first year of university I started to get a degree in business but failed many of my courses in the second semester. It was a terrible time for me, but I took the time after I failed to think about the reasons why I did not do well. I realized that I did not really want to be a business person so I switched my studies to English and education, and I also realized that I needed to do more to take care of my mind and body. Since that time, I have had more success.
• A final sentence that draws a direct connection with the evidence used in the paragraph from the prompt
This relates to/connects with/demonstrates what (the prompt) is discussing because… (explain why in one sentence) or, Although/Though (differences with the prompt), (similarities with the prompt) Although I was not really a leader at the time, and George might be writing more about business leaders who fail, I think what he writes applies to my life because learning from mistakes helped me to become a stronger person.
(4) Personal Experience Response (in the discussion)
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Assertion
Explanation
Evidence
Discussion
Connection
“Also” if it is the second paragraph or beyond
In more detail, More specifically, In other words
According to, As______states/reports/indicates, “quote” (Last name/organization, Year)
With this in mind, Considering this, This indicates that, Clearly, This causes me to feel ____(emotional) because____(intellectual)
Therefore,/Thus,/Hence,/Consequently
In comparison, ____(comparative) In my experience, ____(personal experience)
4 types of response
needed for this essay
In my opinion/ I think/ ….
Body Paragraph Pattern (Please download PR Body Paragraph Pattern from Moodle)
Don’t forget to use transition words
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Body Paragraph 1 Pa
tt er
n
Assertion
Explanation
Evidence
Discussion
Connection
Pa tt
er n
Assertion
Explanation
Evidence
Discussion
Connection
Body Paragraph 2
Include emotional, intellectual, comparative example response.
Include emotional, intellectual, personal experience response.
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Body Paragraph Example
• Video Title: Remember Africville • YouTube link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28cvg6iD7lA
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Now, Let’s Review….
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…………………… ………………….. …………………… …………………… ……………………. Body Paragraph 2 …………………… …………………… …………………… …………………… …………………….
Introduction
Background
Body Paragraph 1 …………………… ………………….. ……………………
………………….. ………………….. ………………… ……………… Conclusion ………………….. ………………….. ………………
Title page Writing Page Writing Page Writing Page References
Four references -3 from background paragraph -1 from body paragraph
Personal Response Essay Overview
S. Zhou
Assertion
Explanation
Evidence
Discussion
Connection
“Also” if it is the second paragraph or beyond
In more detail, More specifically, In other words
According to, As______states/reports/indicates, “quote” (Last name/organization, Year)
With this in mind, Considering this, This indicates that, Clearly, This causes me to feel ____(emotional) because____(intellectual)
Therefore,/Thus,/Hence,/Consequently
In comparison, ____(comparative) In my experience, ____(personal experience)
4 types of response
needed for this essay
In my opinion/ I think/ ….
Body Paragraph Pattern (Please download PR Body Paragraph Pattern from Moodle)
Don’t forget to use transition words
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Body Paragraph 1 Pa
tt er
n
Assertion
Explanation
Evidence
Discussion
Connection
Pa tt
er n
Assertion
Explanation
Evidence
Discussion
Connection
Body Paragraph 2
Include emotional, intellectual, comparative example response.
Include emotional, intellectual, personal experience response.
S. Zhou