Learning Outcome PPT for the Course Assignment
CLA 2 Presentation
BUS 606 Advanced Statistical Concepts And Business Analytics
Agenda
Introduction
Multiple linear regression is the most appropriate statistical technique in predicting the outcome of a dependent variable at different values (Keith, 2019).
The study assessed the relationship between the cost of constructing an LWR Plant and the three predictor variables S, N, and CT.
We assessed the association between the two-test used to examine the employee performance.
Assumption of Regression Analysis
Multicollinearity
Multicollinearity is the condition where the predictor variables are highly correlated (Alin, 2010).
Correlation Analysis
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Assumption of Regression Analysis Cont’
Normality test
The normality assumption is not violated after transforming the outcome variable C, using natural log (C) (Shapiro-Wilk = 0.967, p = 0.414).
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Results and Discussion – Regression Analysis
Use Residual Analysis and R2 to Check Your Model
The R-Squared of 0.232 indicates that the model can explain about 23.2% of ln(C)
The low R-Square indicated that the model does not fit the data well (Brown, 2009).
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Results and Discussion Cont’
State which Variables are Important in predicting the cost of constructing an LWR plant?
S is a significant contributing factor in predicting ln(C)(p = 0.021), but N and CT have no significant effect in predicting (p > 0.05)
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Results and Discussion Cont’
State a prediction equation that can be used to predict ln(C).
After dropping N and CT from the model since they do not have a significance effect in predicting ln(C), the prediction equation is given by:
Does adding CT improve R2? If so, by what amount?
Adding CT in the model changes R-Square by 0.001 from 0.232 to 0.234 which is not significant different from zero (p > 0.05).
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Results and Discussion Cont’ - Correlational Analysis
Evaluate the correlation between the two scores and state if there seems to be any association between the two.
There was a weak positive correlation between the two tests (r = 0.187). This suggested that the two test scores were not correlated.
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Results and Discussion Cont’
Find the probability of upgrading for each division of the sample by the Bayes’ theorem.
P(Up/T1) = P (T1/Up) P(Up) ÷ P(T1)
= (23/46*46/86) ÷43/86
= 23/43
P(Up/T2) = P (T2/Up) P(Up) ÷ P(T2)
= (23/46*46/86) ÷43/86
= 23/43
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Results and Discussion Cont’
Find the probability of upgrading for each division of the sample by the naïve version of the Bayes’ theorem
P(Up/T1) = P (T1/Up) P(Up) ÷ P(T1)
= (23/46*46/86) ÷43/86
= 23/43
P(Up/T2) = P (T2/Up) P(Up) ÷ P(T2)
= (23/46*46/86) ÷43/86
= 23/43
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Results and Discussion Cont’
Compare your results in parts b and c and explain the difference or indifference based on observed probabilities
Naïve version and Bayes theorem have similar probabilities.
We have only one predictor in each sample division
This is because Naïve is applied with Bayes's theorem with an assumption of independence between the features of predictor variables (Webb, 2010).
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Conclusion and Recommendations – LWR Plant
Most of the variations of the outcome variable are explained by variables not included in the model.
Further analysis indicated that the S predictor had a significant effect in predicting the cost of constructing an LWR plant (C).
N and CT did not have a significant effect in predicting.
Should drop N and CT predictors from the model.
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Conclusion and Recommendations – Employee Performance
The analysis also indicated that the two test were not related with each other but, the first test had the best ability in discriminating than the second test.
Which suggested that the first test was the best to use in predicting whether employees will be unsuccessful or successful in the position.
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References
Alin, A. (2010). Multicollinearity. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics, 2(3), 370-374.
Brown, J. D. (2009). The coefficient of determination.
Daoud, J. I. (2017, December). Multicollinearity and regression analysis. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 949, No. 1, p. 012009). IOP Publishing.
Keith, T. Z. (2019). Multiple regression and beyond: An introduction to multiple regression and structural equation modeling. Routledge.
Puth, M. T., Neuhäuser, M., & Ruxton, G. D. (2014). Effective use of Pearson's product–moment correlation coefficient. Animal behaviour, 93, 183-189.
Webb, G. I. (2010). Naïve Bayes. Encyclopedia of machine learning, 15, 713-714.
Kolmogorov-Smirnov
a
Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
ln_C .104 32 .200
*
.967 32 .414
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Model R
R
Square
Adjusted
R Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
Change Statistics
R Square
Change
F
Change df1 df2
Sig. F
Change
1 .482
a
.232 .179 .34240 .232 4.385 2 29 .022
2 .483
b
.234 .151 .34814 .001 .052 1 28 .822
a. Predictors: (Constant), N, S
b. Predictors: (Constant), N, S, CT
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
Collinearity
Statistics
B Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF
(Constant) 5.300 .277
19.161 .000
S .001 .000 .406 2.447 .021 .963 1.039
N .012 .010 .193 1.164 .254 .963 1.039
(Constant) 5.294 .283
18.718 .000
S .001 .000 .403 2.385 .024 .958 1.044
N .011 .010 .189 1.110 .276 .950 1.053
CT .028 .125 .038 .227 .822 .978 1.022
a. Dependent Variable: ln_C