response database concepts

(Christopher)A dependency diagram is a helpful visualization which allows one to identify various major components and functional units of a given design or plan as well as said components various dependencies and interdependencies. this visualization is further subdivided into layers which represent logical groupings. using such a diagram allows one to easily see, verify (by comparing to the source code), and plan future dependencies within a project. due to the sheer complexity of large projects such a diagram is essential in order to create a thorough and accurate analysis. 

Database normalization is a process by which a relational database is made to conform to various norms and standards following the naming scheme of #NF. the purpose of database normalization is to reduce data redundancy and to increase data integrity. Normalization generally follows one of two paths, either the database is improved to match normalization rules or a new database is created following the normalized standards.

N1 ensures that each relation contains only one value. This means that columns within a table must hold atomic values, that is to say non-multiple values. An example of a violation of N1 would be a list of subscribers and there addresses. if one subscriber has multiple addresses listed in their address column than that table does not adhere to N1 standards.

N2 first requires that a table be in N1 and additionally requires that no non-prime attribute is dependent on the proper subset of any candidate key of the table. An example on this would be a table containing employee id, role, and age. since an employee can have multiple roles this means that age is dependent on employee id.

N3 first requires that a table be in N2 and additionally requires that the transitive functional dependency of non-prime attribute on any super key should be removed. a violation of this rule commonly occurs when trying to list entire addresses on a table. city for instance may be dependent on zip code which is tern dependent on the individuals id.

Singh, C. (2022, May 5).  Normalization in DBMS: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and BCNF in Database. BeginnersBook. Retrieved September 22, 2022, from https://beginnersbook.com/2015/05/normalization-in-dbms/