research paper

Skylar Chiu

Ashley Wells

WR121-25

February 1, 2018

The aim of this rhetorical essay to discuss the issue that the author wants to raise. The rhetorical situation that forced the writer to write on the article is to explore the perceptions of journalists, media organizations on the freedom of the speech. This essay will also find the genre of the article “Media Perception on the Freedom of the Press”. Moreover, the logos, pathos, and ethos will be examined in this essay. Comment by Ashley Wells: The introduction should introduce the article you are analyzing, not your own paper: its title, author, when and where it was published, and a summary of the article's main ideas.

The "call to write" of the author is to explore the perceptions of people including journalist, and media organizations on freedom of the press. The findings of the authors illustrate the expressions of journalists about the freedom of presses in the respective countries. The author wants to know whether the freedom of the press is involved in the code of ethics. Moreover, the author wants to know whether the political and economic characteristics of the respective countries impacts the freedom of the press. In some countries, there is no freedom of the press so the author wants to know the reasons behind There are many events in recent few decades that show the systematic attempts at tracking freedom of the press in all over the world. For instance, Freedom House in the United State conducted a noteworthy survey in order to evaluate the responses of people on freedom of the press (Himelboim, 2008). Moreover, British and International Article 19 also identify the legal indexes of freedom of the press as well as freedom of information. Later, British and International Article 19 published the periodic reports on the freedom of speech. In author perception, these studies disclose the official states of freedom of the press. Furthermore, freedom of speech is the basic right according to the United Nations. Additionally, A survey conducted in 2004, Freedom House survey that found that freedom of speech is directly related to the geographic region in the countries (Himelboim, 2008). For instance, Freedom House revealed that in Asia-Pacific region approximately 44 % of the states have the freedom of the press whereas 36 % of states do not have the right to freedom of speech. Comment by Ashley Wells: This is more like the purpose of the text, which we do want to know. But remember that the "call to write" (the rhetorical situation) is more like what are the situations or events or other texts that might have motivated this author to sit down and write about this topic? For example, if I wanted to write about immigration, part of my rhetorical situation would be that the president of the U.S. is trying to build a border wall--that situation is motivating me to write about the issue of immigration.

The genre of the text is mass media. In most of the countries, media is free they have freedom of speech whereas, in some countries, media has not freedom of speech. In western countries, governments are not the major threat to the freedom of speech as a media organization can also restrict the journalists to express their views on some issues. The regulations of the state in regard to press freedoms commonly address the government but not the media owners; thus, freedom of the press is been dependent on the media organizations (Himelboim, 2008). It is evident that private media has been condemned for their favor to the financial interests over public interest; lead towards the imposition of concealed restrictions on the freedoms of the organizations. Mass media genre is appropriate for the rhetorical situation as in some countries there is no freedom of the press so the author wants to know the reasons behind There are many events in recent few decades that show the systematic attempts at tracking freedom of the press in all over the world. Comment by Ashley Wells: There is a lot of information from the article in this paragraph that we don't need. A rhetorical analysis is not about the topic itself; it should be about analyzing the author's techniques of putting their article together. Comment by Ashley Wells: The genre of the article for this analysis (for everyone's analysis) should be *academic research essay*. The genre for the analysis will always match the genre of the unit we are working on in class.

The government, journalists, and the media organization are the audience of the text. The author is illustrating that freedom of the press is the basic foundation of the democratic society. Various factors such as environment, political system, economy, and characteristics of the media organizations influence the freedom of the press. Moreover, Freedom of the press is guaranteed by some state by attaching it in the regulation as well as in constitutions. In contrast, in some countries, freedom of the speech is susceptible and imposed by media organization due to several issues such as economic constraints. The author wants to identify the conventional examinations of the freedom of speech by the media owners. The author aims to examine what are the code of ethics regarding the freedom of the speech (Himelboim, 2008). The author also wants to identify whether the geographical regions, economic conditions impact the freedom of the speech in the society.

The ethos of the author Himelboim, showed the credibility of the author as he is the director of the SEE Suite. Moreover, Himelboim has studies social media, politics, and international communication. So, he is aware of mass media so he has the credibility to analyze freedom of the press. Yehiel Limor is another author of the text who has done Ph.D. in mass communication under Ariel University Center and worked in Israel Broadcasting Authority that showed his credibility to write the text on freedom of the text. Furthermore, Authors of the text engaged the reader by referring to a large number of peer-reviewed studies that have been conducted in the past to show the expressions on the freedom of the speech. The text is organized in an effective way as firstly the general talk was made on the freedom of the press, the impact of the state on the freedom of the press, and impact of media organization on freedom of the speech (Himelboim, 2008). Then the data is analyzed through content classification, and code classification as it is mentioned that the statistical test is not applied because statistical significance is less critical when addressing the comprehensive data. Comment by Ashley Wells: Need to explain what this means. Why does this make the author credible? Comment by Ashley Wells: It is good to look at the author's background and credentials. However, you also need to discuss how they prove their credibility during their article, too. What do they do in their actual writing and research to make their audience trust them as reliable? Comment by Ashley Wells: This didn't follow the prompt instructions for structuring your analysis. Ethos, pathos, and logos should be three separate paragraphs. You were asked to combine rhetorical situation, genre, purpose/audience into one paragraph.

This essay concludes that Itai Himelboim and Yehiel Limor wrote the piece of paper by evaluating the findings of other authors that have conducted the study on the Freedom of the Speech. Moreover, the author want to know whether the political and economic characteristics of the respective countries impacts the freedom of the press. In some countries, there is no freedom of the press so the author wants to know the reasons behind. So, the author found about half of the code of ethics does not address the freedom the press. Moreover, only limited reference to the freedom of the press is included by the code of ethics of newspaper, and media organizations. Furthermore, freedom of the press is not based on the economy and geographic regions.

Comment by Ashley Wells: Missing the required conclusion paragraph that asked you to reflect on what you learned about writing an academic paper from analyzing this one. Comment by Ashley Wells: Please make sure you read assignment prompts more carefully, and let me know if you have questions when you're unsure of something!

Reference Comment by Ashley Wells: This is correct APA format, but you need to convert to *MLA* for this class.

Himelboim, I., & Limor, Y. (2008). Media perception of freedom of the press: A comparative international analysis of 242 codes of ethics. Journalism, 9(3), 235-265.