e x a m on communication class
José I. Rodríguez
Chapter 7
Discuss the differences between the verbal and nonverbal channels of interpersonal communication.
Express the characteristics of nonverbal communication.
Understand the nonverbal channels of interpersonal communication.
Explain the differences in nonverbal communication patterns of masculine and feminine communicators.
Know cultural differences in nonverbal behaviors.
Describe how media richness affects interpersonal communication.
- Nonverbal communication is any communicative behavior other than written or spoken language that creates meaning for someone.
- No Words: Eddie Murphy
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0cIo0PkBs2c
Nonverbal communication is more believable
- Leakage cues – people believe that nonverbal behaviors are indications of deception.
Nonverbal messages are continuous
Nonverbal communication is multi-channeled
- Immediacy cues – nonverbal behaviors that communicate liking and show feelings of pleasure.
- Arousal cues - nonverbal behaviors that communicate interest and excitement.
- Dominance cues – nonverbal behaviors that communicate status, position, importance, and control.
- Kinesics - the study of human movement; human bodily movement, including posture and gesture.
- Emblems - bodily cues – often in the form of hand gestures – that have a specific and commonly understood meaning in a given culture and may even substitute for a word or phrase.
Illustrators - nonverbal behaviors that accompany a verbal message and either contradict, accent, or complement it.
Adaptors - bodily cues that help people adapt to a situation such as excitement or nervousness, through a bodily movement.
- Regulators - nonverbal messages that help to control the flow of communication between people during an interaction.
- Affect displays - nonverbal bodily behaviors that communicate emotion.
- Facial cues - communication that comes from the face through over 250,000 different expressions.
- Proxemics - personal distance.
Haptics - human touch.
Appearance - how you look, both naturally and artificially.
Artifacts – typically includes adornments, in addition to your own physical body, that communicate something about you.
Vocalics - the tone, rate/speed, pitch, and volume of your words and all non-language that comes out of your mouth.
Liar, Liar (notice the tone, rate, pitch & volume)
https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zh6NzOHOU8s
Feminine
Proxemics: women sit and stand closer together
Eye Contact: women prolong their gaze during conversation – use eye contact to increase connection
Masculine
Proxemics: men use more space
Eye Contact: men use eye contact as a form of power
Feminine
Facial Expression: women smile more than men and their expressions are more expressive overall
Masculine
Facial Expression: facial expressions are more restrained, and they are worse than women at interpreting others’ expressions
Feminine
Haptics: women are less likely than men to initiate it; they use touch to communicate support and warmth
Vocalics: women speak at lower volume and higher pitch than men
Masculine
Haptics: men are more likely to use touch to demonstrate power and status
Vocalics: men use higher volume and lower pitch than women
Proxemics: some cultures (Middle Eastern) stand much closer than others (British).
Eye Contact: High power distance cultures avoid eye contact, especially with superiors
Facial Expressions: Asian cultures believe facial expressions should be kept to a minimum
Haptics: some cultures do not value touch (British), while others value it greatly (Brazil, Italy)
Vocalics: women in less egalitarian cultures and in cultures that value youth and femininity speak using higher pitch tones.
- Mediated communication is communication with others through media such as email, phone, IM or text, rather than through face-to-face encounters.
- Cues-filtered-out-theory - suggests that emotional expression is severely restricted in online communication no matter how good you are at it.
- Social information-processing theory - suggests that we can communicate relational and emotional messages via technology, but it just may take longer to express messages that are typically communicated with facial expressions and tone of voice.
Discuss the differences between the verbal and nonverbal channels of interpersonal communication.
Express the characteristics of nonverbal communication.
Understand the nonverbal channels of interpersonal communication.
Explain the differences in nonverbal communication patterns of masculine and feminine communicators.
Know cultural differences in nonverbal behaviors.
Describe how media richness affects interpersonal communication.
High
Face to Face
Richness
Video Conference/Webcam
Phone
Instant Message
Addressed Writt
en
Documents (email, text message)
Low
Unaddressed Documents
Richness
(bulletin, blog)