reflection paper
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
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CHAPTER 6
The Sociorelational Context
Flan 3440
Learning Objectives
Compare and contrast the nature of group membership and group behavior across cultures.
Define and discuss the concept of role relationships across cultures.
Compare and contrast sex and gender roles across cultures.
Compare and contrast families and family roles across cultures.
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
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The sociorelational context refers to how group memberships affect communication.
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Dimensions of Group Variability
Membership groups
Involuntary membership groups
Voluntary membership groups
Nonmembership groups
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In-Groups & Out-Groups
Ingroup
a group whose norms, aspirations, and values shape the behavior of its members.
Out-group
a group whose attributes are dissimilar from those of the in-group, or that opposes the accomplishment of the in-group’s goals.
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Reference Groups
A group to which we may or may not belong but with which we identify in some important way
comparative function
normative function
Voluntary membership in-groups serve as positive reference groups
Voluntary nonmembership out-groups are seen as negative reference groups.
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Role Relationships
One’s relative position in a group with an expected set of verbal and nonverbal behaviors.
Formal roles (well-defined behavioral expectations)
Explicit
Violations can lead to removal from role.
Informal roles (expectations vary greatly)
Implicit.
Learn from experience.
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Roles and Communication
Roles prescribe
1. with whom
2. about what
3. how to communicate with others.
Social identity
Dimensions upon which roles vary
Personalness
Formality
Hierarchy
Deviation
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Role Differentiation and Stratification
Social Stratification
Rank ordering of roles within a culture
Varies across cultures
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Role Differentiation and Stratification
Role Differentiation
Complexity of role hierarchy varies by culture
Some cultures make relatively few distinctions, whereas others make many
Differences in Cultures
High/Low Context
High/Low Power Distance
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Family Groups
Socialization and children
Patriarchy and Matriarchy
Profiles of family groups in
Hmong culture
Korea
Israel
Mosuo
Kenya
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Sex and Gender Groups
Sex is biological
Gender is socialized and constructed
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Gender Stereotypes
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
SOURCE: Adapted from Williams, J. E., & Best, D. L. (1994). Cross-Cultural Views of Women and Men. In W. J. Lonner & R. Malpass (Eds.), Psychology and Culture (pp. 191–196). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Japan
Japanese Constitution stipulates all are equal
Younger Japanese have more egalitarian attitudes toward sex roles
Older Japanese have more traditional attitudes toward sex roles
Japanese women continue to sacrifice personal goals for harmony of family, in accordance with collectivism
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India
Preamble of the Indian Constitution guarantees equality
Male children seen as a blessing
Continue family name
Economic asset
Female children seen as a burden
Dowry
Less education
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China
Patriarchal
1950 Marriage Law abolished feudal forms of marriage
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China
Women have little freedom and few rights
Women discouraged from living alone
Women are considered more vulnerable and less capable of dealing with the outside world than are men
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Mexico
More Mexican women than men are divorced, possibly because Mexican men tend to emigrate once they divorce
Today, Mexican women are more educated than ever.
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Mexico
Nearly 93% of women age 12 years and older do domestic work
During the past few years, the roles of men as providers and women as in charge of domestic work have changed noticeably
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Israel
Women have been guaranteed equal rights since Israel’s establishment as a state in 1948
Segregation still occurs
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Israel
Certain fundamental religious groups reject such rights
Israel is the only country in the world with a compulsory military service requirement for women
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Saudi Arabia
Overwhelming majority of published articles on Saudi women portray them as oppressed and passive victims of Islamic law
Saudi is sex segregated country
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Saudi Arabia
Women have financial and emotional security
Women have less restrictions in semipublic and private settings
Women voted for the first time in December 2015
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Summary
Focused on Sociorelational Contexts
Explored Group Memberships
Voluntary
Involuntary
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Summary
Defined Group Roles
Formal
Informal
Examined Family and Sex Roles in various countries
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