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Chapter 5: Personality and Values

Helena Addae

Chapter 5: Personality and Values

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Chapter 5 Outline

What is Personality?

Why do we need to understand Personality?

Determinants of Personality

Theories of Personality

Measurement of Personality

Implications of Personality

Terminal and instrumental values

Hofstede’s five value dimensions of national culture.

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Personality

What?

Personality is the pattern of relatively enduring ways that a person feels, thinks, and behaves

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Helena Addae: Ph.D

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Are there good or bad personality traits?

The Nature of Personality

Helena Addae

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Nature and Nurture: The Determinants of Personality

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Nurture

Life Experiences

Personality

Nature

Biological Heritage

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Nature vs Nurture Illustration

Video on nature vs nurture

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wd5Y3-F79LY

Helena Addae

Theories of Personality

Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

http://www.teamtechnology.co.uk/tt/t-articl/mb-simpl.htm

Big Five Personality Traits

Dark Triad

Type A and Type B Personality

Locus of Control

Proactive

Self-Monitoring

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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Personality Framework- Strengths & Weaknesses
http://www.teamtechnology.co.uk/tt/t-articl/mb-simpl.htm

  • Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
  • Actions & feelings
  • Extroverted or Introverted (E or I)

  • Sensing(practical) or Intuitive (S or N)

  • Thinking or Feeling (T or F)

  • Perceiving(flexible) or Judging(control, order) (P or J)

  • INTJs are visionaries.
  • ESTJs are organizers.
  • ENTPs are conceptualizers.

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The Big Five Model of Personality

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Extraversion

Neuroticism

Conscientiousness

Agreeableness

Openness to

Experience

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A Big Five Personality Profile

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The Big Five Traits Predict Behavior At Work

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  • Person-Organization Fit
  • high extraversion  aggressive and team-oriented cultures.

  • high agreeableness  supportive organizational climate

  • high openness to experience  emphasizes innovation rather than standardization.

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Implications of Big 5 Traits

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Machiavellianism –pragmatic, maintain emotional distance, and believe that ends can justify means.

Narcissism – the tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement.

Psychopathy – the tendency for a lack of concern for others and a lack of guilt or remorse when their actions cause harm.

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The Dark Triad

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Theories of Personality

  • Type A and Type B Personality

Who is A or B?

Consider the interaction of employees with different types working in the same group

  • Locus of Control

What is? Internals vs Externals?

  • Proactive

Identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs.

Self-Monitoring

  • measures an individual’s ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors.

Helena Addae

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Helena Addae

Chapter 5 Summary

What is Personality?

Why do we need to understand Personality?

Determinants of Personality

Theories of Personality

Implications of Personality

Measurement of Personality

Personality & Situation interaction

Terminal and instrumental values

Hofstede’s five value dimensions of national culture.

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Helena Addae

Measurement of Personality

  • Big 5 Personality Traits questionnaire
  • Type A and Type B Personalities

Helena Addae

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Situation Strength Theory

  • Personality and Situations
  • Situation strength theory
  • Personality behavior depends on the strength of the situation.
  • Do norms, cues, or standards dictate appropriate behavior?

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Helena Addae

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Situation Strength Theory

  • Personality and Situations
  • Situation strength theory
  • Personality behavior depends on the strength of the situation.
  • Do norms, cues, or standards dictate appropriate behavior?

Clarity (less ambiguity)

Consistency (standardization)

Constraints (decision latitude)

Consequences (implications)

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Situation Strength Theory

  • What are the implications for managers?
  • The effects of situational strength?
  • Advantages and disadvantages?

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Terminal and Instrumental Values

  • What are Values?
  • Judgment oriented- right/wrong
  • Value system – ranks values in terms of intensity.
  • Why?
  • Attitudes, motivation and behaviors.

  • Terminal values?
  • Instrumental values?

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Compare Generational
Differences in Values

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Exhibit 5-4 Dominant Work Values in Today’s Workforce

Cohort Entered the Workforce Approximate Current Age Dominant Work Values
Boomers 1965–1985 50s to 70s Success, achievement, ambition, dislike of authority; loyalty to career
Xers 1985–2000 Mid-30s to 50s Work-life balance, team-oriented, dislike of rules; loyalty to relationships
Millennials 2000 to present To mid-30s Confident, financial success, self-reliant but team-oriented; loyalty to both self and relationships

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Five generations in workplaces

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Hofstede’s Five Value
Dimensions Of National Culture

  • Five value dimensions of national culture

Power distance

Individualism versus collectivism

Masculinity versus femininity

Uncertainty avoidance

Long-term versus short-term orientation

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Helena Addae

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Hofstede’s Five Value
Dimensions Of National Culture

  • Five value dimensions of national culture

Power distance

Individualism versus collectivism

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Helena Addae

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Hofstede’s Five Value
Dimensions Of National Culture

  • Five value dimensions of national culture

Power distance

Individualism versus collectivism

Masculinity versus femininity

Uncertainty avoidance

Long-term versus short-term orientation

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Helena Addae

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Summary of Chapter 5

  • Summary
  • Any questions????

Helena Addae

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