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Chapter 3: The Research Framework

Chapter 3: The Research Framework

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3.1 Introduction: Technology Adoption Theories

Different theories are relied upon during the adoption of certain technology. Consulting these theories helps to identify the best practice to undertake when adopting technology. Using different theories helps to ascertain the best course of action in the practice of technology adoption.

3.1.1 Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

This is a model that is used by users of technology and lays down how technology is accepted and even used by the users. Considering technology acceptance when considering sourcing certain new technology is dependent on four attributes. One of these attributes is the ease of use of the new technology. Technology users are only open and willing to use technology that is simpler to use than what existed previously. The second attribute of TAM is perceived usefulness. The new technology considered for adoption must show its worth to users. The third attribute is attitude and the fourth attribute is the actual behavior. Users' behaviors must be in line with the applicability of the technology at hand (Kamal, Shafiq & Kakria, 2020).

3.1.2 Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT)

This is the first model of technology acceptance that is consulted during technology adoption. According to this theory, users of new technology accept to adopt technology based on their expectancy of how the technology will perform. This theory also postulates that users of new technology accept to adopt it if the facilitating conditions are present. These facilitating conditions are environmental and enable the new technology to meet its purpose in utilization. Acceptance of the new technology is also dependent on the expected social influence of the technology in question (Dwivedi, Rana, Tamilmani & Raman, 2020).

3.1.3 Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI)

This is the second TAM theory that is consulted during the adoption of new technology. This theory postulates that when a new technology is being adopted, the adopter must look closely at how it will spread among intended users. Spreading in this case is about the new technology, its applicability, and its suitability to the needs of users. This theory is used to assess how the information about the adoption of technology would be spread. It sheds light on the reasons cited for the adoption of new technology to reduce the likelihood of rejection of the adopted technology (Syahadiyanti & Subriadi, 2018).

3.1.4 Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)

This is the third theory that can be used in the sourcing of new technology. Any time before a new technology is adopted, it is important to understand how human behavior is likely to be related to their attitude. This theory helps in understanding the attitude of those who will be using the technology to be adopted. Having understood their attitude, it is easy to have a forecast of how users are likely to behave as they interact with the new technology (LaCaille, 2020).

3.1.5 Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) Framework

		Perceived Usefulness
External Variables				Attitude Towards Using		Behavioral Intention To use		Actual System Use
		Perceived Ease of Use

The framework for new technology adoption follows a series of steps and factors considered. This starts with external variables. This is the new technology to be adopted. It is evaluated under the ease of use and perceived usefulness attributes. These two attributes lead to attitude toward using. This is assessing whether people's attitudes are inclined towards welcoming the new technology or not. This leads to the behavior intention to use the new technology being adopted. The framework ends with the actual system being adopted and put into use.

3.1.5.1 Justification for the adoption of the TOE model

This new technology should be adopted for several reasons. One, it would help to ease human functionality. It would also support decision-based intervention and the use of the technology by all users.

3.2 Review of TOE Model for Fog Computing Adoption

The new technology needs to be reviewed just before it is adopted. This is to make sure it is the exact solution to the gap that wants to be filled. This is to avoid adopting technology that will come and cause more disaster within an organization.

REFERENCES:

Syahadiyanti, L., & Subriadi, A. P. (2018). Diffusion of innovation theory utilization online financial transaction: A literature review. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 8(3), 219.

Dwivedi, Y. K., Rana, N. P., Tamilmani, K., & Raman, R. (2020). A meta-analysis based modified unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (meta-UTAUT): a review of emerging literature. Current opinion in psychology, 36, 13-18.

Kamal, S. A., Shafiq, M., & Kakria, P. (2020). Investigating acceptance of telemedicine services through an extended technology acceptance model (TAM). Technology in Society, 60, 101212.

LaCaille, L. (2020). Theory of reasoned action. Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine, 2231-2234.