Organizational Behavior

Chapter oununary

1. To ensure that their organizations meet the competition, managers must tackle three important challenges: globalization, workforce diversity, and ethical behavior.

2. The five cultural differences that affect work—related attitudes are individualism versus collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity versus femininity, and time orientation.

Diversity encompasses gender, culture, personality, sexual orientation, religion, ability, social status, and a host of other differences.

Key Terms

character theory (p. 55) collectivism (p. 41) consequential theory (p. 54) distributive justice (p. 58) diversity (p. 47) expatriate manager (p. 43) femininity (p. 42)

guanxi (p. 40)

Review Questions

1. What are Hofstede’s five dimensions of cultural differences that affect work attitudes? Using these dimensions, describe the United States. What are the primary sources of diversity in the U.S. workforce? What are the potential benefits and problems of diversity?

glass ceiling (p. 48)

individualism (p. 41) masculinity (p. 42) power distance (p. 42) procedural justice (p. 59) rule-based theory (p. 54)

Ln

. Managers must take a proactive approach to man- aging diversity so differences are valued and capital- ized upon.

. Three types of ethical theories include consequential theories, rule—based theories, and character theories.

. Ethical dilemmas emerge for people at work in the areas of employee rights, sexual harassment, roman- tic involvements, organizational justice, whistle- blowing, and social responsibility.

social responsibility (p. 60) time orientation (p. 43) transnational organization (p. 39) uncertainty avoidance (p. 42) whistle—blower (p. 59)

. What is the reality of the glass ceiling? What would it take to change this reality? What are some of the ethical challenges encountered in organiza-tions?

. Describe the difference between distributive and procedural justice.

Discussion and Communication Questions

1. How can managers be encouraged to develop global thinking? How can managers dispel stereotypes about other cultures?

2. Some people have argued that offshoring jobs is un- American and unethical. What do you think?

3. How do some companies accommodate the differing needs of a diverse workforce?

4. What effects will the globalization of business have on a company’s culture? How can an organization with a strong “made in America” identity compete in the global marketplace?

. Why is diversity such an important issue? Is the workforce more diverse today than in the past?

. How does a manager strike a balance between en- couraging employees to celebrate their own cultures and forming a single unified culture within the organization?

. Do you agree with Hofstede’s findings about U.S. culture? Other cultures? On what do you base your agreement or disagreement? (communication question) Select one of the three challenges (globalization, diversity, ethics) and write

Don't answer the chapter summary questions

Choice any 7 Key terms and explain every each key that you Choice with 3 senteses

answer all each Review Question

Choice any 3 questions and explain every each question that you Choice with 3 senteses