WK14 Final
2
Bluetooth Technology in Heart Monitoring Machines
Chapter 1-3 Drafts
Chapter One
Introduction
Overview
The role of technology in monitoring chronic illness is to provide a more accurate diagnosis and treatment for patients suffering from chronic disease. For example, patients can track their heart rate using an app on their smartphone or wear a watch that monitors their heart rate (Cirone et al., 2020). It allows them to evaluate the effectiveness of their treatment plan.
The most common chronic illnesses are asthma and diabetes, both caused by environmental and genetic factors. Asthma is a disease that makes airways narrow and makes it difficult to breathe, while diabetes is a disease that causes high blood sugar levels in the body. Using technology such as smartwatches, patients can monitor their conditions and adjust accordingly.
Background and Problem Statement
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology that allows devices to connect and exchange data. It is most commonly used in wireless headsets, mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and other portable electronic devices (Park et al., 2019). Ericsson developed Bluetooth technology in 1994, and the first device to use it was the Ericsson R380 mobile phone. The first wireless technology was the hospital bedside monitor, which allowed doctors to monitor patients' vital signs while sleeping.
The patient's vital signs are measured by an electrocardiogram (ECG). An ECG tracks electrical impulses generated by the heart and displays them on a graph. There is a need for a Bluetooth-enabled heart monitoring machine because there are times when wireless communication is required between devices such as hospital equipment, smartphones, laptops, and tablets. These devices are connected through Bluetooth technology, which allows them to communicate with each other using short-range radio frequencies so that they can be controlled remotely from a distance or when they are not being used directly by the user.
Purpose of the Study
Bluetooth technology in heart monitoring machines is a critical topic in the current world of technology, where people are connected through the internet. The study's primary purpose is to determine whether it is a viable technology for measuring the heart rate of a human being. Additionally, the research will enlighten healthcare workers and patients on the cost-effectiveness associated with the technology.
The other purpose of the study is to ensure that patients, doctors, and nurses understand the benefits and how to use the technology to enhance care delivery. The technology can be used as a wireless connection between the operator's computer and the device he/she uses for medical purposes such as ECG or pulse oximeter.
Through the technology, patients can monitor vital signs such as pulse, respiration, and blood pressure in the comfort of their homes with the doctor's interventions. Bluetooth technology also facilitates communication between doctors and patients in remote areas with no power supply or internet connection.
Significance of the Study
The study is significant because it will help to improve the understanding of Bluetooth technology in heart monitoring machines. The study also helps to increase the knowledge of the customers so that they can choose the best product for their needs. The study helps healthcare personnel know what information can be extracted from the data through Bluetooth technology and how it can be used to help patients.
The study is significant as it will help improve patients' quality of life from cardiovascular diseases. Doctors and nurses can implement it since it is cost-effective, thus reducing the cost of production and maintenance of these machines as well as preventing any damages that may occur due to them.
Research Questions
RQ1: What medical devices can connect with Bluetooth?
RQ2: What are the benefits of using Bluetooth technology in the healthcare sector?
RQ3: Potential impacts of the use of Bluetooth technology in the management of cardiovascular conditions?
RQ4: What are the Ethical implications of using Bluetooth technology in the healthcare sector?
RQ5: What are major security and privacy issues that might arise as a result of the utilization of Bluetooth technology in heart monitoring devices?
Methodology
The Arduino Uno and the Bluetooth HC-05 module are used in this system. The pulse sensor is put on the finger, and it detects the heart rate. After measuring the heart rate, the sensor communicates the information to an android mobile application through Bluetooth (Islam & Rahaman, 2020).
Limitations of the Study Assumptions
The first assumption that might affect the finding and conclusion is that the study is a generalization. It might be assumed that data collected from a few hospitals represent all other healthcare facilities across the globe. The other assumption is that irregular heartbeat is assigned to cardiovascular disease, thus failing to monitor specific conditions such as atrial fibrillation or arrhythmia (Kornej et al., 2020).
Definitions Summary
Arrhythmia
Arrhythmia is an abnormal cardiac rhythm associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death or other complications.
ECG
An electrocardiogram (ECG) monitors a device that measures the heart's electrical activity using electrodes attached to the skin and recording paper or film, which a technician then studies.
Pulse Oximeter
A portable instrument that measures blood oxygen saturation and determines how well it matches the patient's oxygen saturation level.
PDA
Personal digital assistants (PDAs) are small hand-held computers with removable keyboards, built-in cameras, and various features for communicating via e-mail and keeping records.
Chronic Illness
A condition that affects more than one organ system in the body, such as diabetes mellitus or asthma, but does not cause symptoms at present and can be controlled by medication or surgery.
Chapter Three
Introduction
The practical procedures and methodology determine the reliability and validity of medical research. For instance, using the qualitative method in medical research has been proven to be among the most influential research and development methods. Effective procedure and methodology ensure that the information obtained from the study is accurate, reliable, and valid. The first thing a researcher must do is choose a topic or idea that correlates with the study's topic.
The second procedure is gathering information from the targeted participants. The third procedure is analysis to find the solution to the problem. If any problems are identified during data collection, it is the researcher's responsibility to improve them before proceeding further with their study. The last procedure is conducting a study is publishing it so others can learn more about it and use it as a reference point when they are doing their studies on similar topics or ideas.
Research Paradigm (Qualitative)
The research paradigm is a qualitative research method that involves the study of data collected through observation, interviews, or other human interactions (Ataro, 2020). A researcher may observe participants in their natural settings and ask them questions about their experiences. The researcher may also interview participants one-on-one or in small groups. The researcher relies on the natural flow of conversation to guide conversations and elicit information.
Therefore, the research paradigm is the way of thinking, learning, and researching. It is the framework within which people approach a problem and decide what to do. A research paradigm should be based on a clear definition of the problem or questions to be answered. It aims at answering questions related to a specific topic or issue. Research paradigms are often described as either qualitative or quantitative. However, my research will interview 20 participants from three facilities: Health Foundation of South Florida, Mount Sinai Medical Center, and Holy Cross Hospital.
Project Design for the Study
Heart monitoring machines can be used in many different aspects of research, including diagnostic, therapeutic, and educational purposes (Schuurmans et al., 2020). It would be essential to ensure that the study has an excellent design to provide accurate results. The research project should be conducted using proper methods to ensure that the information obtained is reliable and valid.
I will use a random sampling plan where the participants are selected based on factors such as gender, age, and race. The method will eliminate race, age, and gender bias that might discriminate against women and the minority in society. The best method to support the random sampling technique is a systematic sample plan where each participant is chosen randomly using a computer program or an algorithm.
The method ensures that every participant in a targeted group has equal chances to e considered in the research. Also, convenience sampling would work well since this method allows participants to be easily identified during data collection sessions and interviews.
Data Collection Sources
The survey occurred in the Health Foundation of South Florida (HFSF), Mount Sinai Medical Center (MSMC), and Holy Cross Hospital. Only individuals who had Bluetooth-enabled heart monitors were selected for this study. In order to determine whether there is a significant difference between the samples collected from each hospital, we performed paired t-tests on the data collected from each participant.
The paired t-test is used to compare two sets of data in order to identify any differences between them. It assumes that each data set is usually distributed with an equal variance; thus, it can be used as a statistical test for the comparison of two groups or two values within one group. The data collection procedures were performed using paper-based questionnaires and computer-based questionnaires.
The paper questionnaires were used to collect demographic information such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, level of education, occupation, income level, and body mass index (BMI), as well as medical histories such as previous surgeries or injuries involving musculoskeletal system or spine.
The computer-based questionnaire was used to collect clinical information such as type of cardiac arrest event (VF/pulseless VT/asystole), bystander CPR history (CPR received from another person who was not present during cardiac arrest event), prehospital CPR interval after VF/pulseless and VT/asystole.
The common questions asked to the participants were; what is Bluetooth technology? What are the advantages of using Bluetooth technology for monitoring patients' heart rates? What are the disadvantages of using Bluetooth technology for monitoring patients' heart rates? How can you use Bluetooth technology to monitor your patient's heart rate?
Summary
Based on the research, it was clear that Bluetooth technology in heart monitoring machines is practiced globally and provides numerous benefits to patients with cardiovascular challenges. It allows patients to monitor their heart health without being hooked up to an invasive device like a Holter monitor.
It can be used on smartphones or tablets, which means one does not have to have an extra device at home or work so that one can monitor your heart rate. The data collected from Bluetooth-enabled devices is encrypted, so you do not have to worry about someone else accessing your information (Zubair et al., 2019). The main challenge is that there are not many devices yet available today that support this type of connectivity, thus limiting patient knowledge on the use of the technology.
References
Ataro, G. (2020). Methods, methodological challenges, and lesson learned from a phenomenological study about OSCE experience: Overview of paradigm-driven qualitative approach in medical education. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, pp. 49, 19–23.
Cirone, M., Lorenz, M., & Tekwani, K. (2020). The Patient with Cardiac Arrest. Electrocardiogram in Clinical Medicine, 201-206.
Islam, M., & Rahaman, A. (2020). Development of smart healthcare monitoring system in IoT environment. SN computer science, 1(3), 1-11. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42979-020-00195-y
Kornej, J., Börschel, C. S., Benjamin, E. J., & Schnabel, R. B. (2020). Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in the 21st century: novel methods and new insights. Circulation Research, 127(1), 4-20.
Park, C., Otobo, E., Ullman, J., Rogers, J., Fasihuddin, F., Garg, S., ... & Atreja, A. (2019). Impact on readmission reduction among heart failure patients using digital health monitoring: feasibility and adaptability study. JMIR medical informatics, 7(4), e13353.
Schuurmans, A. A., de Looff, P., Nijhof, K. S., Rosada, C., Scholte, R. H., Popma, A., & Otten, R. (2020). Validity of the Empatica E4 wristband to measure heart rate variability (HRV) parameters: A comparison to electrocardiography (ECG). Journal of medical systems, 44(11), 1-11.
Zubair, M., Unal, D., Al-Ali, A., & Shikfa, A. (2019, July). Exploiting Bluetooth vulnerabilities in e-health IoT devices. In Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on future networks and distributed systems (pp. 1-7).
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