Introduction to health care
Introduction to Health Care
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Chapter 11
Environmental Safety
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
2
Environmental Safety
Identify and correct potential hazards
Health care professionals must understand and follow policies and procedures
O S H A
Many regulations that apply to workplace safety
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Types of Health Care Hazards
Chemical
Environmental
Ergonomic
Infectious
Physical
Psychosocial
Workplace violence
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Question 1
Inadequate equipment maintenance is what type of hazard?
A. Chemical
B. Infectious
C. Environmental
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Answer 1 (1 of 2)
C. Environmental
Environmental hazards
Unsafe conditions in workplace
E.g., inadequate maintenance of equipment
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Answer 1 (2 of 2)
C. Environmental
Chemical hazards
May have toxic effects through inhalation, absorption, ingestion, or skin contact
Infectious hazards
May cause infection
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Safety Guidelines
Focus on prevention
Move safely
Dress for safety
Protect self and others
Report for safety
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Working Safely with Patients
Always the primary concern
Perform only procedures you are trained for
Be positive you have the correct patient
Verify patient has given consent
Observe patients closely
Properly position bed and equipment
Keep area clean and organized
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Increased Risk with Physical and Mental Changes in Patients (1 of 2)
Changes in vision
Changes in hearing
Altered neurological function
Changes in blood vessels
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Increased Risk with Physical and Mental Changes in Patients (2 of 2)
Slowed reflexes
Changes in mental function
Weakness from illness or injury
Effects of medications
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Question 2
Which of the following is the best approach when asked to perform a procedure on a patient that you are not trained to do?
A. Do the best you can
B. Have someone explain it to you
C. Do not agree to do it
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Answer 2
C. Do not agree to do it
Do not perform any procedure on patients until having received adequate training
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Protecting Yourself
Follow standard precautions
Do not leave drawers and doors open
Do not refrigerate food with specimens or medications
Do not wear uniform outside workplace
Keep floors clean
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Reporting for Safety
Report all unsafe conditions immediately
Report accidents and injuries
Complete incident report
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Workplace Violence (1 of 2)
Health care professional risk
Offensive or threatening language
Psychological trauma
Actual injuries
Homicide
Can result in negative organizational outcomes
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Workplace Violence (2 of 2)
Highest rate is in psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals
Professionals in direct contact with patients most at risk
Majority caused by aggressive patients or family members
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Question 3
A patient is very upset about the care she received. She begins to escalate in volume and curse at you. What should you do?
A. Take her to a private area to avoid disturbing others
B. Acknowledge her feelings
C. Tell her to calm down, or you will call security
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Answer 3 (1 of 2)
B. Acknowledge her feelings
When confronted with angry patients, acknowledge feelings and avoid getting defensive or matching hostility
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Answer 3 (2 of 2)
B. Acknowledge her feelings
Avoid isolating yourself with potentially violent people by taking them to a private location
Avoid giving orders and threatening them with security
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Prevent or Decrease Violence
Environmental designs
Administrative controls
Behavior modification
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Fire and Electrical Hazards
Fire requires oxygen, item that will burn, and source of heat
Know location of fire alarms and extinguishers
Know emergency evacuation routes
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Evacuation Routes
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Fire Triangle
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Fire Procedures
RACE
Remove patients
Activate alarm
Contain the fire
Extinguish the fire or Evacuate the area
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
RACE
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Fire Extinguisher Use
PASS
Pull the pin
Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire
Squeeze the handle
Sweep back and forth along the base of the fire
Must use proper type of extinguisher for class of fire
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Four Types of Fires (1 of 2)
Class A
Ordinary combustibles
Put out with water, class A or ABC extinguisher
Class B
Flammable and combustible liquids
Use Class B, BC, or ABC extinguisher
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Four Types of Fires (2 of 2)
Class C
Electrical fires
Use class C, BC, or ABC extinguisher
Class D
Burning metals
Use class D extinguisher or smother with dry sand
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Preventing Electrical Hazards
Use equipment properly
Do not use damaged equipment
Do not use damaged electrical cords or plugs
Do not use around water
Do not touch person being shocked
Turn main power source off
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Question 4
True or False:
RACE is an acronym for putting out a fire with a fire extinguisher.
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Answer 4
False
PASS
Acronym for putting out fire with fire extinguisher
RACE
Acronym for what to do when you discover fire
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Chemical Hazards (1 of 2)
Many types of chemicals used in health care
Labeling
Check label 3 times
Ensure compatibility before mixing
Avoid contact
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Chemical Hazards (2 of 2)
Wear P P E
Follow Safety Data Sheets
Precautions prepared by manufacturers
Clean up any spills immediately
If comes into contact with skin, rinse with water for at least 5 minutes
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Radiation Hazards
X-rays and radiation therapy
Most states only allow specially trained persons to work with x-rays
Lead aprons and gloves if exposed
Dosimeters
Record amount of exposure
Disposal of radioactive waste
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Infectious Waste
Any item or product with potential to transmit disease
Follow policies and procedures
Report accidental exposures
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Oxygen Precautions
Post sign “Oxygen in Use”
Avoid all sources for sparks
Never use flammable liquids
Secure oxygen tank
Do not smoke
Do not use wool or synthetics
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Question 5
Which of the following is the best first step if a chemical comes in contact with the skin?
A. Rinse under cool water for at least 5 minutes
B. Immediately go to the emergency department
C. Cover the area with antibiotic ointment and dressing
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Answer 5
A. Rinse under cool water for at least 5 minutes
First step to take when chemical comes in contact with skin:
Immediately rinse under cool water for at least 5 minutes
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Bioterrorism (1 of 2)
Extends back in history to earliest human records
Biological exposure readiness plan
Transmission precautions
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Bioterrorism (2 of 2)
Most likely weapons:
Anthrax
Smallpox
Botulism
Plague
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Emergency Code System
Communication method for employees
Prevents patients and visitors from becoming overly concerned
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Emergency Preparedness Plan
Follow O S H A requirements
Follow policies and procedures
Remain calm
Report to person in charge
Ask how you should help
Communicate clearly
Use phones only for business
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Triage System
Guidelines to assess patients’ conditions
Determine where they should be sent
Determine what treatment they should receive
Used during disasters
Used daily in emergency departments
Haroun/Mitchell, Introduction to Health Care, 5th Edition. © 2021 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.