aviation assignment for MGMT

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Chapter_10.ppt

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Chapter 10

The Future of Emergency Management

Introduction

Constant change since 2000
Post 9/11 focus on singular terrorism hazard
Post-Katrina change returned all-hazards focus
Post-Sandy, new focus on recovery
Return to post-Hurricane Andrew posture
Emergency management guilty of repeating history
Can the cycle be broken?

Where is EM Now?

Rising costs of major disasters
HUD returned to recovery leadership position
Pre-Disaster Mitigation program defunded
Experienced FEMA administrators
Reduced EMPG funding to states—will it result in reduced capabilities?
Redrawing of community flood maps / changes in NFIP premiums
Social media is the information source of choice for a majority of Americans in major disasters

Where is EM Now - Continued

Reduction in funding and priority of the FEMA Higher Education Program
The reduction in homeland security and emergency management preparedness funding
Urban Areas Security Initiative (UASI)
Citizen Corps
Struggle to emergency supplemental funding
The development and adoption of:
The National Disaster Recovery Framework
The National Mitigation Framework
The National Prevention Framework

Where is EM Now - Continued

Whole Community concept
Pre-disaster recovery planning
Community-based assessment and planning tools developed by climate change adaptation specialists
Establishment of the National Hazard Mitigation Association (NHMA)
Increase in Business Continuity Planning (BCP) among large and mid-sized businesses
Efforts of the American Planning Association, the International Economic Development Council, and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce

Where is EM Now - Continued

Events or changes that have impacted the nation’s mainstream emergency management community from the outside include:

Politicians learning the lessons of failed predecessors and leading in response and recovery
Realization that local communities cannot adequately plan for catastrophic event recovery
Elevation of DRR at the international level
Role of climate change

Where is EM Now - Continued

Positive changes
FEMA has repaired its reputation / can again be depended on
Emergency managers have accepted the need to inform the public in disasters
Politicians
Recognizing downside and upside of disasters
Hiring experienced emergency managers
Stepping up their leadership role/visibility in disasters
Whole Community concept fostering resilience

Where is EM Now - Continued

Negative changes
Federal funding in all four phases of emergency management has been severely reduced
Questions about how Congress will act in future disasters
US falling behind in disaster risk reduction
FEMA funding programs all suffering from budget delays and Sequestration
Climate creating more severe and more frequent weather disasters
Social media flooding the information airwaves

Future Challenge - Leadership

Chief executive sets the organization’s priorities
Priorities reflected in programming and budgeting
Emergency management and disaster resiliency were never top priorities in the past
There have been good leaders in response/recovery (Obama, Christie, Cuomo, Bloomberg)
Leaders must progress and ensure funding available and programs in place to mitigate against, prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters
Lawmakers and leaders at all levels must recognize the need to use spending and programming to protect their constituents

Future Challenge - Funding

Federal support being reduced / Congress’ appetite for supplemental disaster appropriations waning
A new funding formula needed
Mitigation Trust Fund with appropriations similar to the highway safety fund
Locally-generated funds (Napa and Berkeley, CA; Tulsa, OK)
Business/non-profit sectors must provide funding and/or programming for communities
Federal government must continue to be the backstop for funding response and recovery efforts

Future Challenges – Federal Recovery Assistance Programs

Common complaint—the patchwork of Federal disaster recovery programs is unnecessarily confusing, complex, and way too slow
HUD recovery designation a step in the right direction
EMs don’t normally manage long-term recovery
NDRF recommends communities engage in pre-disaster recovery planning
Manage recovery funding through block grants
Recovery stakeholders must better coordinate their activities to increase overall effectiveness

Future Challenges - Partnerships

US emergency management system works best as a partnership between Federal, State and local government and the voluntary sector
Business community has increased EM practices and partnership presence—is now a full partner in all phases of emergency management
Other partners—city/county managers, community planners, economic development officials, CBOs, neighborhood groups, environmental/climate change adaptation groups

Future Challenges – Comms and Information Management

EM community historically slow to embrace new technologies—changed after 9/11
Field has been flooded with new information management, warning, and detection technologies
Communicating with the media/public historically a challenge for emergency mangers
After Katrina, EMs and leaders embraced communications and, for the most part, do it well
Rise of social media initially a challenge but not so much any more

Moving Forward

Two scenarios for the future
First
The nation stumbles along
EM Capacity diminished for a range of reasons
Harder to manage smaller disasters
Disaster Relief Fund cannot keep up with demands
Disasters bankrupt the country
Second
US EM system is restructured
All key local partners brought on board
Capacity increases, and yesterday’s disasters more easily managed locally
Requires changes in public, private, and non-profit sector perceptions of need/changes in spending

How to Get There – Local Partners

Mayor/County Executive lead the effort.
Priorities reordered with whole community input
Budget reconfigured for disaster resilience
Local funding sources are created
A community non-profit foundation created
Community staff involved in resiliency efforts
Pre-Disaster Recovery plan
Public / all stakeholders engaged
Local Chamber of Commerce / EDC involved

How to Get There – State Govt

Governor/legislature endorse resiliency efforts
State government funding sources are created
Funding included in annual appropriations for relevant state departments and agencies
Technical assistance is provided to communities
Disaster preparedness program designed and implemented to complement community-based preparedness programs and messages.

How to Get There – Federal Level

President makes community resiliency a top priority
Federal agencies provide technical/funding support
Mentoring program developed
Mitigation Trust Fund created
National Response Framework built upon - similar to FRP
EMPG fully funded
Federal programs re-engineered into block grants
EDA programs designed to educate professionals and promote the value of resiliency
Seed money provided to fund initial community efforts
USACE refocuses on non-structural flood mitigation
CNCS involved in community mitigation / preparedness
Research agenda to understand people’s attitudes

How to Get There - Business

Fortune 500 CEOs provide leadership and champions
Assistance provided to mid- and small-sized businesses to develop and exercise BCPs
Private research agenda driven to identify new technologies, products, industries and jobs
Resiliency promoted in business’ operational practices and up and down their supply chain
Disaster resistant jobs are created

How to Get There – Voluntary Agencies

More coordination instilled among groups involved in response and recovery efforts – change the status quo and stop wasting resources
Citizens get involved in the community before the next disaster strikes

Conclusion

These changes will be very difficult / costly
Whatever the difficulty or cost, the price of doing nothing will be much higher
Communities cannot continue to tolerate the disruption caused by major disasters
We can and we must change the way we deal with disasters now
Final recommendation—Foundation(s) fund a national coalition-building process
Time is now to take action