communication

CH1.pdf

Home >Social Science homework help >communication

Chapter One: The Essentials of Human Communication

This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: - any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; - preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; - any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

Chapter One Goals

 Use the essential elements and principles of human communication in your daily interactions

 Acknowledge the role of culture in all forms of communication

 The more you communicate, the better your communication will be.

 When two people are in a close relationship, neither person should have to communicate needs and wants explicitly; the other person should know what these are.

Myths About Human Communication

 Interpersonal or group conflict is a reliable sign that the relationship or group is in trouble.

 Like good communicators, leaders are born, not made.

 Fear of speaking in public is detrimental and must be eliminated.

Myths About Human Communication cont…

Skills

 Self-presentation skills  Relationship skills  Interviewing skills  Group interaction and leadership skills  Presentation (public speaking) skills  Media literacy skills

Forms of Human Communication

 Intrapersonal – Talking with one’s self to better learn and judge

self

 Interpersonal – Interactions with a person with whom you have a

relationship – Learn and reveal about others and self

Forms of Communication cont…

 Interviewing – Communication that proceeds by question and

answer – A method of self-learning, gaining counsel, and

achieving goals  Small group/team

– Working with others to solve problems, develop new ideas, and share knowledge and experiences

Forms of Communication cont…

 Public – In public settings, people inform and persuade

one another to act, buy, or think.  Computer mediated

– Communication that takes place through some kind of computer

– Examples: e-mail, instant messaging, and social networking sites

– Asynchronous

Forms of Communication cont…

 Mass communication – Communication from one source to many

receivers – Includes magazines, newspapers, radio, and

television

 Linear model  Shows communication as a process where

you either speak or listen.

Communication Models and Concepts

Transactional Model

 Source-Receivers – Each person

involved is both a source and a receiver

 Encoding–decoding

Messages

 Can be verbal or nonverbal  Feedforward Messages

– Phatic communication or small talk. – Preliminary to actual messages

 Feedback Messages – Self-feedback v. feedback from others

 Metamessages – Communication about communication

Workplace Messages

 Messages are often classified in terms of their direction – Upward Communication: Employee to boss – Downward Communication: Boss to employee – Lateral Communication: Manager to Manager – Grapevine Communication: Informal messages

not yet made “official.”

Communication Context

 Physical – Tangible or concrete environment  Cultural – Includes lifestyles, beliefs, and

behaviors affecting the communication  Social-psychological – Status-relationship

among the speakers.  Temporal – Position of the message within a

sequence of events.

Channel

 Face-to-Face Communication  Computer-Mediated Communication  Vocal Channel  Visual Channel  Olfactory Channel  Tactile Channel

Noise

 Physical – External  Physiological – Barriers within the speaker or

listener  Psychological – Mental or internal  Semantic – When the speaker and listener

have different meaning systems (Jargon)

Signal-to-Noise Ratio

 Signal – Information one would find useful.  Noise – Information that one would find

useless.  Noise can not be totally eliminated, but can

be reduced by – Using more precise language – Sharpening nonverbal skills – Improving listening and feedback

 For every communication act, there is some consequence.

 Cognitive  Affective  Psychomotor

Effects

Principles of Communication

 Purposeful  Ambiguous  Involves content and

relationships  Has a power dimension

 Involves choices  Punctuated  Inevitable, irreversible,

and unrepeatable

Culture and Human Communication

 Culture consists of the beliefs, ways of behaving, and artifacts of a group.

 Gender and changing gender roles

The Importance of Culture

 Demographic changes  Increased sensitivity to cultural differences  Economic interdependency  Advances in communication technology  Culture-specific nature of communication

Dimensions of Culture

 Uncertainty avoidance  Masculinity-femininity  Power distance  Individualism-collectivism  High and low context  Indulgence and restraint  Long- and short-term orientation

Cultural Perspective

 Culture permeates all forms of communication

 Cultural differences exist across the communication spectrum

Ethnic Identity

 Your self-identity as a member of a cultural group

 Embracing the attitudes and beliefs of the group

 Behave as a member of the group and follow the customs

Ethnocentrism

 The tendency to see others and their behaviors through your own cultural filters

 Evaluating your own culture as superior  Can lead to viewing other cultures as inferior

The Ethnocentrism Continuum

People are not either ethnocentric or non- ethnocentric; most are somewhere in the middle.

 Your knowledge and understanding of how communication works

 Your ability to use communication effectively

Communication Competence

The Competent Communicator…

 Thinks critically and mindfully  Is culturally sensitive  Is ethical  Is an effective listener

End Show

Chapter One Goals
Myths About Human Communication
Myths About Human Communication cont…
Skills
Forms of Human Communication
Forms of Communication cont…
Slide 8
Slide 9
Communication Models and Concepts
Transactional Model
PowerPoint Presentation
Messages
Workplace Messages
Communication Context
Channel
Noise
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
Effects
Principles of Communication
Culture and Human Communication
The Importance of Culture
Dimensions of Culture
Cultural Perspective
Ethnic Identity
Ethnocentrism
The Ethnocentrism Continuum
Communication Competence
The Competent Communicator…
End Show