M10 - Chapters 53-54-55
Architecture and Interior Design: An Integrated History to the Present
First Edition
Chapter 55
Modern Historicism
1930s – 2000s
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Modern Historicism
Emphasizes importance of history
Uses attributes and/or elements form past styles or periods within a modern framework
Historical structures, material culture, design principles are valid models for & solutions to modern design problems
Architects, interior decorators, interior designers
Diversity of styles, themes, movements
Suburban Modern, New Urbanism, New Formalism, Regionalism, New Classical Revival, Period Interior Decoration
Influences: Victorian Revivals, Academic Tradition, Bauhaus, Art Deco, Historic Preservation Movement
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Concepts
Modern Historicism uses past to express theme, symbolism, monumentality & adapt to modern tastes & needs
Also expression of self, old money, culture, taste, wealth, heritage; context or sense of place; signal of function or brand
Variety of approaches from copying exactly as possible to using as springboard for ideas
Remains intrinsically modern
Historic Preservation—conserve or retain historic sites
Methods: preservation, rehabilitation, restoration, reconstruction, adaptive use
Mostly architecture but should be applied to interiors
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Characteristics and Motifs
Adapts elements & attributes of many past styles
Reflect forms, motifs of particular styles but specific characteristics vary
Generally exploit one or more aspects; use in different or new ways; combine details from other styles, periods
Simplification, abstraction, reduction of ornament most common changes
May closely resemble or bear range of resemblances to historic original; may also reflect previous associations or unknown types
Motifs: period elements, details, motifs—columns, pediments, pointed arches, flowers, pagodas, birds, leaves, arabesques, shells
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Architecture
Many public & private buildings still follow past styles: client preferences, associations; Beaux-Arts trained architects
Historic Preservation—identifies important structures & areas; applies one of approaches to protect, maintain, reuse
Suburban Modern—unites design solutions of popular tastes (usually past styles( with rapid construction methods
New Formalism—International Style inspired by past
Regionalism—considers surroundings, locales, vernacular
New Urbanism—small towns with place identity
New Classicism—deliberate return to classicism
Themed Environments—particular associations & uses of past to particular buildings, building types
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55.1
Governor’s Palace, 1795-1749; rebuilt in 1930s; Williamsburg, Virginia. Reconstruction.
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Long Description:
The palace is a three-story central building and two independent buildings on the left and the right side. Two central walls have an open entrance with two columns on each side. The main building's facade has rectangular windows, a hipped roof, two chimneys on the left and right top, and a tower with an elongated needle at the center.
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55.2
Faneuil Hall Marketplace, 1740-1742, John Smibert; rebuilt after fire 1761; expanded 1805-1806, Charles Bulfinch; reconstructed 1898-1899; Boston, Massachusetts; 1976, F.A. Stahl & Associates with Benjamin Thompson & Associates; 1992; Restoration & Rehabilitation.
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55.3
United States Embassy, 1957-1959; New Delhi, India; Edward Durrell Stone. New Formalism
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55.4
Suburban houses, split-level and Colonial-style, c. 1950s-2000s. United States. Suburban Modern.
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55.5
Wigwam Motel, Holbrook, Arizona and Inn of Loretto, Santa Fe, New Mexico, c. 1950s-1990s; United States. Regionalism.
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55.6
House, 1981-1987; Seaside, Florida; Andres Dulany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk. New Urbanism.
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55.7
Richmond Riverside, 1984-1989; Richmond suburb of London, England; Quinlan Terry. New Classicism.
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Long Description:
The building has architectural features from Palladio, Hawksmoor, chambers, and eighteenth-century architecture. The facade imitates the work of eighteenth-century architects. The buildings in context to the site and surrounding area add a sense of place. It has an asymmetrical structure of buildings with cupolas and towers. The portico has pediments.
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55.8
Teatro nacionale de Cataluña, 1997; Barcelona, Spain; Ricardo Bofill. New Classicism.
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55.10
Venetian Hotel and Great Hall, 1990s; Las Vegas, Nevada; Veldon Simpson and Marnell Corrao Associates, interiors by Trisha Wilson, Wilson Associates, Texas. Modern Historicism.
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Long Description:
The small towers are lined up in front of the facade.
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Interiors
Great variety of treatments & furnishings
Period-Style Decoration—decorating room in particular historical period but in modern context, preferences, lifestyles
Earlier more accurate; later more simplified
Historic Preservation—preservation, rehabilitation, restoration, reconstruction, adaptive use; physical evidence important
Suburban Modern—period flavor
Regionalism—reflect locale in treatments, finishes, furnishings; literal or more loosely applied
New Classicism—reflect monumentality, formality of exteriors; classical proportions, details, motifs
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55.12 (1 of 2)
Metropolitan Museum of Art Restaurant (The Dorotheum), 1954; New York, New York; Dorothy Draper. Modern Historicism.
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Long Description:
The hall has a repetitive semicircular roof supported by columns. The cornice has geometrical patterns. The wall sides are decorated with spindle vessels on the pedestals. The sofa and chairs are arranged randomly.
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55.12 (2 of 2)
Venetian Hotel and Great Hall, 1990s; Las Vegas, Nevada; Veldon Simpson and Marnell Corrao Associates, interiors by Trisha Wilson, Wilson Associates, Texas. Modern Historicism.
Courtesy of the Diplomatic Reception Rooms, U.S. Department of State
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Long Description:
The hall has an arched entrance. A grand lamp is hung on the ceiling. Wooden cabinets with metal handles are near the side walls. The floral pattern rugs are on the floor. The chairs with cabriole legs are in the hall.
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55.14
Lobby 1915 & lobby restoration 1986, Willard Intercontinental Washington Hotel; Washington D.C.; 1986 restoration by Henry Janeway Hardenbergh, interiors by Sarah Tomerlin Lee. Restoration & Redecoration.
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Long Description 1:
The lobby has period colors and decorative paintings spotlighting architectural features, and restoration of architectural features on the ceiling. The chandeliers are recast. The cabinet near the rear wall depicts the restoration of the storage cabinet behind the marble front desk. The period style furniture enhances period character. It has a Turkish circular sofa and oriental-style carpets.
Long Description 2:
The lobby has paintings on the ceiling and columns. The ceiling has architectural motifs. The chandeliers hung by the ropes. The walls have arched windows. The furniture is arranged randomly.
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55.15
Interior Musée d’Orsay, 1980-1987; Paris France; interiors by Gae Aulenti. Rehabilitation and Adaptive Use.
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Long Description:
It has many small rooms and compartments. The people are roaming around the station. The sofas are arranged throughout the station.
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55.16
Lobby, Park Hyatt Hotel, 2004-2005; Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Wilson Associates, Singapore and Texas. Regionalism.
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55.17
Dining Room, Mrs. Hugh Mercer Walker residence, 1930s; New York, New York; Roby Ross Wood. Period Decoration.
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55.18
Nancy Lancaster’s Yellow Room, Avery Row, 1960; London, England; John Fowler. Period Decoration.
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55.19
Stair Hall, Drayton Hall, 1738-1742; Charleston South Carolina; National Trust for Historic Preservation Property. Preservation.
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55.20
Entrance Hall, c. 1990s; Santa Barbara, California; John Saladino. Modern Historicism.
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55.22
Textiles: From left: Toile de Jouy Panurge dan I’Lle des Lanternes; Redbourne Bouquet; and Meissen; c. 1970s-2000s; Scalamandré. Reproduction and Modern Historicism.
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55.23
Lighting: Wall bracket and table lamps, c. 1940-2000s; United States; table lamp by Kartell. Modern Historicism
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Furnishing and Decorative Arts
Furnishings maybe antiques, contemporary or modern period styles arranged for modern use in most buildings except for restorations in museum
Some design custom pieces for clients or manufacturers
Period styles—French styles (Louis
English Georgian
(Chippendale); Victorian Revivals; American Colonial & Georgian; Mediterranean
Reproductions copy historic object as closely as modern technology will allow
American museums license manufacturers to reproduce or adapt items from their collection
Contemporary period interpretations—mix period and contemporary influences; distinctly different; reflect new design ideas
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55.24
Tête-à-tête, c. 1950s-1960s; United States. Edward Wormley for Dunbar. Modern Historicism.
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55.25
Regency armchair and side chair, c. 1810; England; Stately Homes collection, c .1981; United States; Baker Furniture. Reproduction.
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55.26
Oval X-back chair, Barbara Barry Collection; c. 1980s; United States; Baker Furniture. Modern Historicism.
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55.27
Table, Wynn Hotel, Las Vegas, c. 2000s; United States. Modern Historicism.
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55.28
Entertainment Center, late 20th century; The Mission Collection, L. & J.G. Stickley Furniture. Modern Historicism
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