Work to be done MRKT

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CENGAGE

Test: Midterm (Chapters 1-8)

--------------- involves using evaluation and communication to help individuals and the organization learn and improve.

The more aware a leader is of his or her assumptions, the less the leader understands how assumptions guide behavior and decisions.

a. True
b. False
------------ is the set of unseen characteristics and processes that underlie a relatively stable pattern of behavior in response to ideas, objects, or people in the environment.

According to the path–goal theory of leadership, path clarification means that the leader works with subordinates to help them identify and learn the behaviors that will lead to successful task accomplishment and organizational rewards.

a. True

b. False

Someone who scores high on agreeableness:

tends to become anxious or tense.

is cold and insensitive.

is good-natured and cooperative.

likes to be in control and have influence over others.

Which of the following is stated by the contingency approach to leadership?

The contingencies most important to leadership are the leaders.

A leadership style that works in one situation might not work in another situation.

There is only one best way of leadership.

The contingencies seek to investigate traits that can improve performance in all situations.

Which of the following supervisors demonstrates autocratic behavior?

Marcella asked her team to determine a reasonable deadline for the project.

Bernice presented a problem to her team and asked for suggestions.

Jason joined the group in discussing possible solutions to the client's problem.

Baxter gave a bonus to Marshall for outstanding sales for the quarter.

----------refers to the forces either internal or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action.

-------------- is a theory that suggests that motivation depends on individuals' mental anticipation about their ability to perform tasks and receive desired rewards.

Which of the following is an example of task-oriented leader behavior?

Checking the progress and quality of work

Giving time and encouragement

Showing acceptance and compassion

Acknowledging accomplishments

The -------------- approach to motivation strives to motivate people by providing them with the opportunity to satisfy higher needs and become intrinsically rewarded.

According to Herrmann’s whole brain concept, when leaders have a predominantly A-quadrant thinking style, they tend to:

avoid risks and strive for stability.

be imaginative and entrepreneurial.

empathize easily and be friendly.

be directive and authoritative.

An important contribution of Fiedler's research on the contingency model of leadership is that it:

is clear about how the model will work over time.

goes beyond the notion of leadership styles to try to show how styles fit a situation.

recommends medium least preferred coworker leaders as they are more effective in many situations.

uses weights that are determined in an arbitrary manner in order to determine situation favorability .

The contingency approach to leadership sought to identify the traits leaders possessed that distinguished them from people who were not leaders.

a. True
b. False

Employee engagement means that people:

are delegated authority.

feel a sense of belonging to the organization.

look for solutions to improve working conditions.

are unable to share power.

A(n) is an evaluation—either positive or negative—about people, events, or things.

When workers are not motivated to achieve organizational goals, the fault is often with the workers themselves.

a. True
b. False

Attempts to achieve collaboration, empowerment, and diversity can succeed only if:

leaders hire people who think and work alike.

managers want to treat people the way they treat machines or the bottom line.

leaders intentionally practice and apply new paradigm principles.

leaders follow the principles and practices of the industrial era.

A less conscientious person tends to be easily distracted and impulsive.

a. True
b. False

One way to increase a job’s motivational and empowerment potential is to:

use reward and punishment.

use the carrot-and-stick method of motivation.

focus on an employee's "lower" needs.

increase skill variety.

Fairmont Hotels & Resorts lets its best performing employees design their rewards. This is done to ensure that the rewards are valued by the employees and serve as further motivation. Fairmont Hotels & Resorts uses _____ theory to motivate its employees.

expectancy

job enlargement

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

equity

The ------------- view of individualized leadership focuses on the concept of exchange, what each party gives to and receives from the other.

----------------- is a belief that leaders are deeply accountable to others as well as to the organization, without trying to control others, define meaning and purpose for others, or take care of others. It becomes easier for people to see their own opportunities for leadership when they:

comprehend that leadership involves maintaining the status quo.

stop equating leadership with greatness and public visibility.

start seeing leaders as individuals who are above others.

understand that the concept of leadership cannot continue to develop.

Linda heads the proofreading team of Ink Heart Pvt. Ltd., a publishing firm. She wants to align her followers toward the main objectives of the organization. Which of the following strategies should Linda apply?

Organize a structure to accomplish the plan.

Communicate the vision and develop a shared culture.

Direct employees and monitor implementation of plans.

Staff an organizational structure with employees.

The left hemisphere of the brain is associated with _____.

analytical thinking

creative thinking

values-based thought processes

intuitive processes

How can an employer create a thriving workplace?

Let everyone manage themselves.

Make the workplace a positive environment.

Provide regular feedback on performance and progress.

Use positive extrinsic rewards.

Top of Form

Linc's software development team has run into a problem. The tools that they are using are old and missing some functions that would speed up the development process. Linc can think of only one solution—buying new tools. Because the new development tools are so expensive, Linc called a meeting and asked everyone to suggest solutions that the company can afford. Linc will do what the group decides is the best solution. According to the Vroom–Jago contingency model of leadership, which leadership style is Linc using?

Decide

Consult group

Delegate

Facilitate

-----------------is highly risky for employees because they may lose their jobs, be ostracized by coworkers, or be transferred to undesirable positions.

A servant leader:

is at the preconventional level of personal moral development.

is responsible for the emotional well-being of subordinates.

helps others grow and develop and provides opportunities for others.

expects subordinates to be obedient.

Era 4 represents ------------- , which means to ensure organizational flexibility and responsiveness to a changing world.

Which of the following statements is true of honesty?

It includes a complete set of skills and characteristics to handle any problem.

It implies an openness that followers welcome.

It helps leaders interpret situations in more conservative ways.

It refers to high motivation that creates a high effort level by a leader.

According to the acquired needs theory, the need for power refers to the desire to:

accomplish something difficult and attain a high standard for success.

influence or control others and have authority over others.

form close personal relationships and avoid conflict.

master complex tasks and surpass others.

The contingency approaches explain the relationship between leadership styles and effectiveness in specific situations.

a. True

b. False

In the context of the path–goal theory of leadership, which of the following statements is true of supportive leadership?

It involves showing concern for subordinates' well-being and personal needs.

It involves consulting with subordinates about decisions.

It involves setting clear and challenging goals for subordinates.

It involves telling subordinates exactly what they are supposed to do.

Bottom of Form

Which of the following statements is true of mental models?

A leader is usually not aware of his mental models.

Personal values, attitudes, biases, and prejudices can all affect one’s mental model.

A leader creates an effective mental model by viewing the elements of a system as separate components.

A leader’s assumptions naturally are not part of his or her mental model.

A principle of stewardship is to localize decisions and power to those closest to the work and the customer.

a. True

b. False

The use of substitutes to fill leadership “gaps” is often disadvantageous to organizations.

a. True
b. False

------------- , the first dimension of Herzberg's two-factor theory, involves the presence or absence of working conditions, pay, company policies, and interpersonal relationships.

The right hemisphere of the brain is associated with:

analytical thinking.

a linear approach to problem solving.

intuitive thought processes.

routine processes.

Test: Final (Chapters 9-15)

In interactive leadership, the leader favors a consensual and collaborative process.

a. True
b. False

In the _____ stage of appreciative inquiry process, people identify “the best of what exists”—an organization’s key strengths and best practices.

dream

design

destiny

discovery

Creativity itself is an outcome rather than a process, a destination rather than a journey.

a. True
b. False

According to Hofstede’s social value system, high power distance means that:

members of a society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity.

people accept inequality in power among institutions, organizations, and individuals.

members of a society value relationships, cooperation, and group decision making.

people prefer a loosely knit social framework in which individuals take care of themselves.

Changing people’s thinking and behavior is possible by:

focusing on trying to fix people's weaknesses and shortcomings.

establishing organizational hierarchies.

helping people establish new, emotional relationships that provide hope.

furnishing people with necessary facts and figures about a change project.

Identify the correct statement regarding strategic leadership.

It is a form of leadership that comes naturally to individuals.

It is the most important as well as the most difficult part of strategy execution.

It is responsible for the relationship of the external environment to choices about vision, mission, strategy, and their execution.

It reacts to environmental changes, rather than studying the events that have already taken place and acting based on their anticipation of what the future might be like.

Idea champions:

use electronic brainstorming.

are the facilitators of brainstorming sessions held in organizations.

provide a safe harbor where ideas from people throughout an organization can be developed.

fight to overcome natural resistance and convince others of the value of an idea.

Work in organizations is interdependent.

a. True
b. False

A discussion’s focus is to reveal feelings and build common ground, with the emphasis on inquiry rather than advocacy.

a. True
b. False

A key to effective brainstorming is:

setting practical limits, such as cost and location, on the ideas.

evaluating ideas during spontaneous idea generation.

generating as many ideas as possible.

dividing ideas into smaller units.

A(n)--------- defines and uses signals and symbols to influence corporate culture.

_____ refers to antagonistic interaction in which one party attempts to block the intentions or goals of another.

Conflict

Bargaining

Mediation

Groupthink

Leaders should select a communication channel to fit their message.

a. True
b. False

In companies with excellence as a guiding purpose, _____.

strength and aggressiveness determine the purpose of the organization.

managers and employees are treated as valuable resources.

excellence is defined by the customers rather than by work.

discovery for its own sake can serve as a noble purpose.

Messages transmitted through actions, behavior, facial expressions, and tone of voice are referred to as _____ communication.

follower-centered

redundant

nonverbal

leader-centered

According to a report from the National Bureau of Economic Research, white-sounding names got 50 percent more call-backs than African American–sounding names, even when skills and experience were equal. This is an example of _____ in the workplace.

conscious bias

unconscious bias

active bias

deliberate bias

Which of the following is one of the political tactics for asserting leader influence?

Not asking for what you want

Seeking arbitration

Using rational persuasion

Narrowing networks

Which phase of the appreciative inquiry process includes translating ideas into concrete action steps?

Discovery

Design

Destiny

Dream

------------------------- are the enduring beliefs that have worth, merit, and importance for an organization.

Effective leaders should use the same conflict resolution style in every situation.

a. True
b. False

----------------- is a process by which information and understanding are transferred between a sender and a receiver.

It is imperative that leaders in international organizations learn to understand local cultures and deal with them effectively.

a. True
b. False

Without _____, leaders can miss important signals that something is going wrong.

noise

fear tactics

feedback

filters

According to the Hofstede studies, _____ reflects the values of relationships, cooperation, group decision making, and quality of life.

collectivism

masculinity

femininity

uncertainty avoidance

During the _____ stage of the appreciative inquiry (AI) process, people are asked to narrate stories that identify the best of their experiences with an organization.

discovery

destiny

dream

design

In stage 1 of personal diversity awareness, _____.

top-level leaders are committed to diversity

legal requirements are met, but diversity is viewed as a problem

diversity is inherent in the culture, and the organization is gender- and color-blind

diversity is viewed as a competitive weapon

During the _____ stage of team development, the major emphasis is on accomplishing the team's goals.

norming

forming

performing

adjourning

Top of Form

Transformational leadership:

believes in an exchange process between leaders and followers wherein leaders recognize followers’ needs and then clarify how those needs will be satisfied.

believes in the traditional management functions such as planning and budgeting and generally focuses on the impersonal aspects of job performance.

entails strictly controlling people rather than striving to bring out the best in followers.

inspires followers to go beyond their own self-interests for the good of the group.

Bottom of Form

At its most basic, culture is a pattern of shared assumptions and beliefs about how things are done in an organization.

a. True
b. False

---------------- is authority based on personality characteristics that command followers' attention, respect, and admiration so that they want to emulate the leader.

In the-------------- stage of team development, orientation and getting acquainted take place.

Network building does not impact followers’ perceptions of a leader’s abilities.

a. True
b. False

Values-based leaders:

generate a high level of trust from employees.

solely focus on impersonal values.

are very different from spiritual leaders.

focus on profitability of organizations.

-------------- refers to leaders sharing all types of information throughout the company and across all levels.

The visible level of corporate culture refers to:

deeper values and shared understandings held by organizational members.

expressed values, underlying assumptions, and beliefs.

creativity and risk taking.

artifacts such as dress, office layout, and organizational ceremonies.

----------------is the amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication episode.

--------------- can be defined as the combination of benefits received and costs paid by the customer.

----------------- is a technique for leading change that engages individuals, teams, or an entire organization by reinforcing positive messages and focusing on learning from success.

"The increase of knowledge" is an example of a _____.

strategy.

mission.

mechanism.

vision.

---------------- are the reciprocal obligations and commitments that define the relationship between employees and organizations.