Discussion Post - Speech

20 The Art of Public Speaking, Thirteenth Edition

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Speaking in Small Groups

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CHAPTER 20 The Art of Public Speaking

Thirteenth Edition

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Small Group 3 to12 people assembled for specific purpose

CHAPTER 20 The Art of Public Speaking

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Problem-Solving Group Formed to solve problem

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CHAPTER 20 The Art of Public Speaking

Thirteenth Edition

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Leadership Influencing group to help achieve goals

CHAPTER 20 The Art of Public Speaking

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Group Leaders • Implied

• Emergent

• Designated

CHAPTER 20 The Art of Public Speaking

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Implied Leader Member to whom others defer because of rank, expertise

CHAPTER 20 The Art of Public Speaking

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Emergent Leader Member who emerges as leader during deliberations

CHAPTER 20 The Art of Public Speaking

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Designated Leader Member elected or appointed as leader

CHAPTER 20 The Art of Public Speaking

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Group Needs • Procedural

• Task

• Maintenance

CHAPTER 20 The Art of Public Speaking

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Procedural Needs Routine “housekeeping” actions necessary for conducting group business

CHAPTER 20 The Art of Public Speaking

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Task Needs Substantive actions necessary for group to complete task

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Maintenance Needs Communicative actions that maintain relations in group

CHAPTER 20 The Art of Public Speaking

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Group Responsibilities • Commit to group goals

• Fulfill individual assignments

• Avoid interpersonal conflicts

• Encourage full participation

• Keep discussion on track

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Hidden Agenda Unstated individual goals that may conflict with group goals

CHAPTER 20 The Art of Public Speaking

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Reflective Thinking Method Five-step method for directing discussion

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Reflective-Thinking Method Steps • Define problem • Analyze problem • Establish criteria for

solutions • Generate potential

solutions • Select best solution

CHAPTER 20 The Art of Public Speaking

Thirteenth Edition

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Question of Policy Whether specific course of action should or should not be taken

CHAPTER 20 The Art of Public Speaking

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Guidelines for Discussion Questions

• Make clear, specific

• Phrase to allow for many answers

• Avoid biased questions

• Pose single question

CHAPTER 20 The Art of Public Speaking

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Clear & Specific: Ineffective Ineffective:

What should be done about on-campus security?

CHAPTER 20 The Art of Public Speaking

Thirteenth Edition

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Clear & Specific: More Effective More effective:

What measures should our school take to improve on-campus security for students?

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Allow Many Answers: Ineffective Ineffective:

Should the city build a new elementary school?

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Allow Many Answers: More Effective

More effective:

What steps should the city take to deal with increasing enrollment in the elementary schools?

CHAPTER 20 The Art of Public Speaking

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Avoid Bias: Ineffective Ineffective:

How can we keep predatory student-loan vendors from ripping off students?

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Avoid Bias: More Effective More effective:

What changes, if any, should be made in the practices of student-loan vendors?

CHAPTER 20 The Art of Public Speaking

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Pose Single Question: Ineffective

Ineffective:

What revisions should the college consider in its admissions requirements and in its graduation requirements?

CHAPTER 20 The Art of Public Speaking

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Pose Single Question: More Effective More effective:

What revisions should the college consider in its admissions requirements?

More effective:

What revisions should the college consider in its graduation requirements?

CHAPTER 20 The Art of Public Speaking

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Consensus Decision acceptable to all members

CHAPTER 20 The Art of Public Speaking

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Recommendations • Oral report

• Symposium

• Panel

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CHAPTER 20 The Art of Public Speaking

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Oral Report Speech presenting group’s findings, decisions, etc.

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Symposium Public presentation in which people give speeches on different aspects of topic

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Panel Discussion Structured conversation among people in front of audience