Create an annotated bibliography that contains three academic sources with accompanying explanations of each source
@natgeochannel
#BeforeTheFlood
www.BeforeTheFlood.com
Introduction 3
Why We’re Telling This Story 4
Core Issues Featured in the Film 5
Experts Featured in the Film 11
Promote Your Screening 12
Frequently Asked Questions 14
Take Action: Solutions Do Exist 16
Discussion Questions 17
Statistics and Facts 18
Resources 19
Thank You 22
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3
// I N T R O D U C T I O N
From Academy Award®-winning filmmaker Fisher Stevens and Academy Award-winning
actor, environmental activist and U.N. Messenger of Peace Leonardo DiCaprio, Before the Flood presents a riveting account of the dramatic changes now occurring around the world due to climate change, as well as the actions we as individuals and as a soci-
ety can take to prevent catastrophic disruption of life on our planet. The film follows
DiCaprio as he travels to five continents and the Arctic speaking to scientists, world
leaders, activists and local residents to gain a deeper understanding of this complex
issue and investigate concrete solutions to the most pressing environmental challenge
of our time.
Thank you for your leadership and for stepping up to host a screening of Before the
Flood in your community. In doing so, you join the ranks of hundreds across the country
who have answered the call from our campaign to act on climate and serve alongside
Leonardo DiCaprio, United Nations Messenger of Peace. Equally important as his role on
the silver screen and on the global stage as a representative of the UN, is your role as a
screening host—an Ambassador of Peace—in your own community.
Through this screening, it is YOU who’s laying the ground work for local change.
This Screening Kit includes tips for organizing, promoting, and facilitating a screening
that will spark a productive dialogue about our environment and how you and your
guests can help to act on climate now.
Thank you for your partnership, your leadership, and your commitment to spread
the word about Before the Flood and the effects of climate change. Your actions are
empowering your community to identify solutions, and ultimately, helping to save our
world.
4
// W H Y W E ’ R E T E L L I N G T H I S S T O R Y
In the late winter of 2014, Leonardo DiCaprio called actor and documentarian Fisher
Stevens with an idea: he wanted to collaborate on a documentary that would explore
the causes and effects of climate change around the world, and the urgent need to
transition away from using fossil fuels—and he wanted to get started right away.
“Time is not a luxury we have,” said DiCaprio. “Our natural world is quickly nearing
unprecedented, irreversible and catastrophic change that threatens the very future of
humankind. I didn’t want the film to scare people, or present them with statistics and
facts that they already know, but to focus on what can and must be done immediately
so that we can leave our planet a livable home for future generations. We are quickly
running out of time.”
DiCaprio and Stevens had known each other for years through acting circles, and then
became better acquainted when they both participated in Mission Blue, a trip to the
Galapagos honoring marine biologist and 2009 TED Prize winner Sylvia Earle.
Stevens had already made several acclaimed documentaries about environmental issues,
including 2014’s Mission Blue (co-directed with Robert Nixon) about Earle’s campaign to
create a global network of protected marine sanctuaries, and last year’s climate change
film Racing Extinction, which he produced along with Olivia Ahnemann. Probably his
best known work is The Cove, a documentary he produced that exposed the secretive
and brutal practice of dolphin hunting in Japan, for which he shared an Academy Award
with director Louie Psihoyos.
Stevens jumped at the chance to team with DiCaprio and reach a broader audience
with a new documentary about this vital subject. “There was a great opportunity with
Leo because he has such a large following and people are interested in what he’s doing,”
says the filmmaker. “I’m proud of all the films I’ve made, but I wanted to make another
one that would get out into the zeitgeist so people would really understand the severity
of this issue, and that if we don’t act now it’s going to harm us.”
The upcoming national elections in the U.S. also figured into the filmmakers’ decision
to make Before the Flood, and to complete it by the fall of 2016—even though it would
require working around DiCaprio’s demanding shooting schedule for Alejandro Iñárritu’s
The Revenant.
“With the elections in the United States only a couple of months away, we sought to
make sure that voters know this could be the last chance we have before it is too late
to elect leaders who believe in science, and who have the courage and understanding
to make headway on the environment a real priority,” says DiCaprio. So in April 2014,
Stevens and DiCaprio partnered with RatPac Documentary Films and embarked on a
two-year production process that took them to Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South
America, Australia and the Arctic.
5
// C O R E I S S U E S F E AT U R E D I N T H E F I L M
Before the Flood presents a riveting account of the dramatic changes now occurring around the world due to climate change—the most pressing challenge of our time.
The film follows DiCaprio as he travels to five continents and the Arctic speaking to
scientists, world leaders, activists and local residents to gain a deeper understanding
of this complex issue. As such, we’ve broken down the core issues represented in his
journey into these categories:
Fossil Fuels / Methane Gas / Palm Oil / Geopolitical Landscape / US Political Landscape
Further details about each core issue contributing to climate change are listed below.
F O S S I L F U E L S
“If we’re going to fight climate change effectively, we have to realize that most of our economy is based on fossil fuels.”
—Michael Brune, Sierra Club
Our consumer habits, from the fuel we put in our cars, the soaps we wash with, to the
cakes we purchase for holidays, are ruining ecosystems, livelihoods, and dietary sources
of billions of living creatures around the world—both on land and in the sea. Due to the
increased output of emissions and the increased saturation of CO2 in the oceans, there
is more CO2 being pumped into the atmosphere than ever before. Furthermore, due
to the warming of the oceans and the change in water movement (i.e. the changing
patterns of the Gulf Coast Stream) there is less CO2 being absorbed by the planet’s
natural filters, like forests and oceans. The ocean’s ability to absorb carbon dioxide has
weakened since 1981, due to increased warmth and carbonic acid buildup. Research
published this year shows that forests absorb less carbon due to industrial deforesta-
tion and forest death caused by the warming. These factors have led to the destruction
of coral reefs around the planet, effectively eliminating primary sources of protein and
income for nearly 1 billion people.
6
Key Facts about Fossil Fuels
• Since 1981 the concentration of carbonic
acid and increased temperatures of the
oceans has greatly limited the abil-
ity for the world’s natural filters, such
as the ocean, to filter CO2 from the
atmosphere.
• Forests absorb less carbon due to
industrial deforestation and forest death
caused by global warming.
• The destruction of coral reefs around
the planet have effectively eliminated
primary sources of protein and income
for nearly 1 billion people around the
world.
M E T H A N E G A S
“Cattle in the United States accounts for 10–12% of total emissions”
—Leonardo DiCaprio
Methane is a greenhouse gas like carbon dioxide (CO2). But the negative effect on the
climate of Methane is 23 times higher than the effect of CO2. Methane accounts for
10-12% of the total emissions and almost all of those emissions are derived from Cattle
production.
In short, beef is extremely costly and inefficient on a per calorie basis—beef requires
nearly 50x more land compared to other animals! In the United States, 47% of land is
used for production of food, of which, 90% is used to simply grow feed for cattle. On the
contrary, the things that human beings eat, such as fruit, veggies and nuts take up less
than 1% of that land. Not only is cattle expensive in natural resources, the cattle simulta-
neously release methane gases that slowly eat away our ozone layer, which is a massive
factor in pollution as one molecule of Methane is equivalent to 23 molecules of CO2,
which ultimately accounts for 10-12% of total emissions in the United States. While there
is less Methane than CO2 in the atmosphere, methane is far more hazardous.
Luckily, this information presents a profound opportunity and a change of human behav-
ior would not be insignificant. By simply replacing beef with chicken in your diet, you
can reduce your carbon emissions by nearly 80%.
Key Facts about Methane Gas
• One molecule of Methane is equivalent
to 23 molecules of CO2 making meth-
ane emissions 23x worse than that of
CO2.
• Methane accounts for 10–12% of the
total greenhouse emissions and almost
all of those emissions are derived from
Cattle production.
7
• Beef production requires nearly 50x
more land compared to other animals.
• In the United States, 47% of land is used
for production of food, of which, 90% is
used to simply grow feed for cattle.
• Fruit, veggies and nuts take up less than
1% of that land.
• By simply replacing beef with chicken in
your diet, you can reduce your carbon
emissions by nearly 80%.
P A L M O I L
“We are standing in the last place on earth that has elephant, rhino, orangutan and tigers live together in the world.”
—Farwiza Farhan, Forest, Nature, and Environment of Aceh
Palm Oil is the world’s most popular type of vegetable oil, and is an ingredient found in
over half of all packaged goods in the supermarkets, from soaps to soups. It is derived
from the palm fruit, grown on the African oil palm tree which flourishes wherever heat
and rainfall are abundant. While palm oil is grown across the world, 85% is produced
and exported from Indonesia and Malaysia, often in unsustainable methods. While
palm oil itself is not a major harm to the environment, the method of extraction is crip-
pling and is one of the world’s leading causes of rainforest destruction. For plantation
owners, burning is a common method for clearing vegetation in natural forests as well
as within oil palm plantations so they can plant, and profit, from the production of palm
oil. Traditionally, trees act as a canopy to filter CO2 by absorbing the carbon in their
trunks, leaves, etc. By removing these trees, decades of sequestered carbon that was
absorbed by the forests, is released quickly into the atmosphere, effectively creating
massive “carbon bombs.” From 2001 to 2010, land-use carbon emissions from palm oil
in Indonesia averaged 216 to 268 million tons—that’s equivalent to the emissions from
45 to 55 million cars, 56 to 70 coal-fired power plants, or the annual energy use from
20 to 25 million homes. In Indonesia, these fires have led to the destruction of over 80%
of their rainforests.
Key Facts about Palm Oil
• Palm oil is found in an estimated 50% of
all packaged goods, including: Lipstick,
Chocolate, Instant Noodles, Soaps /
Body Wash, Toothpaste, Ice Cream,
Shortenings / Margarines, Cooking oil
(hot climate), Cookies, Crackers, Cake
mixes, Icing, Non-dairy creamer, Biscuits,
and more.
• From 2001 to 2010, land-use carbon
emissions from palm oil in Indonesia
averaged 216 to 268 million tons—that’s
equivalent to the emissions from 45
to 55 million cars, 56 to 70 coal-fired
power plants, or the annual energy use
from 20 to 25 million homes.
8
• 85% of all palm oil is produced and
exported from Indonesia and Malaysia.
• As a result of the palm oil industry,
threatened animals are seeing rapid
destruction of their habitats, including:
Asian elephants, orangutans, sumatran
rhinoceros, and tigers.
G E O P O L I T I C A L L A N D S C A P E
“All the polluting countries in the world are guilty of reaping the benefits of fossil fuels.”
—Leonardo DiCaprio
We didn’t get to this point by the actions of one nation, rather it’s been a combined
effort by the industrialized nations around the world. Despite nation’s like the United
States and China being the leading contributors of greenhouse gasses, the outcomes
and immediate impacts disproportionately affect the smallest contributors. In Before
The Flood, we saw the displacement of Pacific Islanders from island nations like Vanuatu,
Micronesia, and Kiribati, as their homes have quite literally been washed away by rising
sea levels, and will disappear within the next 50 years. We saw that one unseasonal
rainfall in the poorest parts of India can eliminate an entire season’s worth of crops. We
saw an entire populace in China feel the harmful effects of polluted air as they are forced
to wear masks every time they step outside. But it is important to realize that in climate
change, not everyone is treated equally.
In India today, there are still 300M people that are without power, and in total, 700M are
using bio-fuel (dried cow dung) as their main source of heat for cooking. At the same
time, they are one of the most coal rich nations in the world and are seeking a cost-
effective energy solution for their citizenry. If the world doesn’t come together and lead
by example, India’s coal use could fry the entire planet. While the United States is one of
the largest per capita emitter of greenhouse gases, it is neither affected by nor leading
the charge on addressing climate change.
Fortunately, China, the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases, has already made
strides in reducing emissions and is setting a global precedent. By monitoring the emis-
sions output of all of their factories—information that is publicly reported hourly—they
have empowered the public and the media to hold the chief contributors accountable,
particularly in Beijing where their coal consumption eclipses that of the entire United
States.
9
Key Facts about the Geopolitical Landscape
• Beijing’s coal consumption eclipses that
of the entire United States
• Five Islands will disappear in 2015
and six will disappear in 2016
• The Five Largest Emitters of
Greenhouse Gases (total, as of 2011)
— China
— United States
— Russia
— India
— Japan
U . S . P O L I T I C S
“The ocean is not Republican. It is not Democrat. All it knows how to do is rise.”
—Miami Mayor Philip Levine
Despite the clear indications, like “Sunny Day Flooding” in Florida and industry-wide
agreement that climate change is real (an overwhelming 97% of scientist agree that
climate change is real and due to human activity!), the issue remains politically divisive
in the United States. On the local level, Mayors are leading the charge in address-
ing issues of climate change. They do not have time for political games are forced to
address the immediate impacts of climate change, rather than benefit from long-term
prevention measures that should be happening on a macro-level. This is forcing city
executives, such as Mayor Levine of Miami Beach, to spend $400M on infrastructure that
only results in a short-term solution, rather than investing the same money in efforts
that could start to curb emissions.
The countermovement, labeled as a “misinformation campaign” is being spearheaded
by Big Oil and the industries that are profiting from fossil fuels. Their efforts are drasti-
cally preventing Congress from making significant steps to address climate change.
While ultimately fueled by the ExxonMobils and Shells of the world, they disseminate
their information through Political Action Committees (PACs) with noble names, such
as Americans for Tax Reform, Americans for Prosperity, Institute for Energy Institute,
and the Institute for Justice. Perhaps most notably, American’s for Prosperity is in fact
funded by Koch Industries, the largest privately held profiter from fossil fuels. These
organizations find scientists that are willing to “sell” their credentials and speak on
• 5 Largest Consumers of Energy
(Per Capita, as of 2011)
— United States
— Russia
— France
— Germany
— Japan
10
behalf of the organizations, to not only discredit the movement working to act on
climate, but to also persuade elected officials to stymie proactive efforts.
Furthermore, these organizations are not just disseminating information, but they are
buying members of Congress, too. Perhaps the most stark and consequential example
is Senator James Inhofe (R-OK), the Chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on
Environment and Public Works, who has received nearly $2M dollars in his career from
the Oil & Gas industry.
So long as profits come before environment and we allow industries to buy our govern-
ment, we will be fighting an uphill battle to make significant change.
Key Facts about U.S. Politics
• 97% of scientist agree that climate
change is real and accelerated by
human contribution
• James Inhofe (R-OK), the Chairman
of the U.S. Senate Committee on
Environment and Public Works, has
received nearly $2M dollars in his career
from the Oil & Gas industry
• American’s for Prosperity is funded by
Koch Industries, the largest privately
held profiter from fossil fuels.
11
// E X P E R T S F E AT U R E D I N T H E F I L M
Lindsey Allen, Executive Director,
Rainforest Action Network (RAN)
Lindsey Allen, Executive Director of
Rainforest Action Network, is a world-
class campaigner with more than a
decade of experience and an unmatched
track record pressuring and inspiring
some of the world’s largest corporations
to protect rainforests.
Michael Brune, Executive Director,
Sierra Club
Michael Brune is Executive director of
the Sierra Club, America’s largest and
most influential grassroots environmental
organization.
Gidon Eshel, Research Prof. of
Environmental Physics, Bard College
Gidon Eshel is a statistician who grew
up working on a dairy farm on an Israeli
Kibbutz, a combination that’s led to a
deep knowledge of how what we eat
affects our planet.
Jeremy Jackson, PhD., Marine Ecologost
Jeremy Jackson is the Ritter Professor of
Oceanography and Director of the Center
for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation
at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
Painting pictures of changing marine
environments, particularly coral reefs and
the Isthmus of Panama, Jackson’s research
captures the extreme environmental
decline of the oceans that has accelerated
in the past 200 years.
Philip Levine, Mayor of Miami Beach
As Mayor of Miami Beach, Philip Levine
has seen the effects of climate change
first hand. Through a $400 million project
that includes installing pumps throughout
the city and rebuilding local roads, Levine
hopes to create an infrastructure that can
protect residents from issues such as sea
level rise and flooding.
Gregory Mankiw, Professor of Economics,
Harvard University
Nicholas Gregory Mankiw is an American
macroeconomist and the Robert M.
Beren Professor of Economics at Harvard
University. Mankiw is best known in
academia for his work on New Keynesian
economics and is an advocate for a
carbon tax.
Dr. Michael Mann, Distinguished
Professor of Atmospheric Science,
Penn State University
Dr. Mann received his undergraduate
degrees in Physics and Applied Math
from the University of California at
Berkeley, an M.S. degree in Physics from
Yale University, and a Ph.D. in Geology
& Geophysics from Yale University. His
research involves the use of theoretical
models and observational data to better
understand Earth’s climate system.
12
Dr. Enric Sala, National Geographic
Explorer-in-Residence
Dr. Enric Sala is a National Geographic
Explorer-in-Residence actively engaged
in exploration, research and commu-
nications to advance ocean policy and
conservation. His more than 100 scientific
publications are widely recognized and
used for real-world conservation efforts
such as the creation of marine reserves.
Dr. Piers Sellers, Astronaut Director,
Earth Sciences Division, NASA/GSFC
Piers Sellers is currently Deputy Director
of the Sciences and Exploration
Directorate and Acting Director of
the Earth Sciences Division at NASA/
GSFC. From 1982 to 1996, he worked
on global climate problems, particularly
those involving interactions between
the biosphere and the atmosphere, and
was involved in constructing computer
models of the global climate system,
satellite data interpretation and conduct-
ing large-scale field experiments in the
USA, Canada, Africa, and Brazil. He
served as project scientist for the first
large Earth Observing System platform,
Terra, launched in 1998. His research
is focused on the role of science in
the future development of our society,
particularly with regard to global environ-
mental issues, and associated economic
and political issues.
// P R O M O T E Y O U R S C R E E N I N G
Once you’ve invited guests, continue
to promote your event across social
media and ask allies in your community
to help you spread the word too. Here
are some sample messages that you
can use across social media.
• The time to act on #ClimateChange is now. @LeoDiCaprio explains why in his newest film #BeforeTheFlood.
• #ClimateChange is more than rising
temperatures. It’s a #NationalSecurity
threat. Learn more in @LeoDiCaprio’s
#BeforeTheFlood.
• If we don’t act on #ClimateChange
now, it can cost taxpayers up to $44
trillion by 2060. Learn what you can
do now in #BeforeTheFlood.
• Join us for a preview screening of
@LeoDiCaprio’s @NatGeoChannel’s
newest film #BeforeTheFlood and
learn why we must act now on
#ClimateChange!
• Power is in the hands of the people
to fight #ClimateChange this elec-
tion. Watch #BeforeTheFlood to be
informed at the polls this November
• Want a sneak peak of @LeoDiCaprio’s
latest film? Check out our screening
[Date/Time/Location] before it airs on
@NatGeoChannel 10/30.
• Our survival depends on address-
ing #ClimateChange. @LeoDiCaprio
explains why in @NatGeoChannel’s
#BeforeTheFlood: www.beforethe-
flood.com
13
• The science is clear, but the
future is not. Learn more from
@NatGeoChannel + @LeoDiCaprio
in #BeforeTheFlood. www.beforethe-
flood.com
• We must #ActOnClimate NOW.
See why in #BeforeTheFlood on
@NatGeoChannel Oct 30.
• 5 islands disappeared in 2015. 6 more
will disappear in 2016. We must stop
#ClimateChange. Learn more in @
NatGeoChannel’s #BeforeTheFlood.
• The 6th #MassExtinction is upon us &
this time it’s due to human consump-
tion. But solutions do exist. See @
NatGeoChannel’s #BeforeTheFlood
• In as little as 250 years, extinc-
tion rates could rival the event that
killed the dinosaurs. Learn why in @
NatGeoChannel’s #BeforeTheFlood.
• The US is a top contributor to
#ClimateChange. We must elect Reps
in NOV who will fight it. Learn more in
@NatGeoChannel’s #BeforeTheFlood
• Follow @LeoDiCaprio’s journey across
5 continents & see how he plans to
#ActOnClimate in @NatGeoChannel’s
#BeforeTheFlood.
• Why is palm oil a problem? It’s extrac-
tion leads to extinction. Learn more in
@NatGeoChannel’s #BeforeTheFlood.
• Watch @NatGeoChannel’s
#BeforeTheFlood to learn why you
should reduce your #CarbonFootprint.
Then follow @fisherstevensbk to learn
how.
• By 2060 #ClimateChange will cost
taxpayers $44 trillion. However, solu-
tions do exist. @NatGeoChannel
explains more in #BeforeTheFlood!
• Did you know #ThePentagon
declared #ClimateChange a national
security threat? Learn why in @
NatGeoChannel’s #BeforeTheFlood.
• “We are quickly running out of time”
-@LeoDiCaprio in @NatGeoChannel’s
#BeforeTheFlood #ActOnClimate
#OurOcean
• We agree with @Leonadro DiCaprio
and @NatGeoChannel that the time to
act on #ClimateChange is now. Join
us on [DATE] to see what damage is
already done and learn how we stop
it from getting worse when we watch
his newest film #BeforeTheFlood.
Learn more at [LINK]!
• 97% of scientists agree that
#ClimateChange is real and acceler-
ated by human contribution. We
agree with the science. Join us on
[DATE] for a preview screening of
@Leonardo DiCaprio’s newest film
#BeforeTheFlood. Learn more as
[LINK]!
• Here’s your chance to see @
LeoDiCaprio’s latest film before it
hits theaters. @NatGeoChannel is
hosting an advance screening of
#BeforeTheFlood on [DATE/TIME
at LOCATION]
14
// F R E Q U E N T LY A S K E D Q U E S T I O N S
What is the Sixth Mass Extinction?
Climate change is accelerating species loss on Earth, and by the end of this century, as
many as one in six species could be at risk of extinction. To put that into perspective,
mammal species are disappearing 20 to 100 faster now than the rate of the past. Not
since the meteorites that killed the dinosaurs have we seen such wide-spread mass
extinction. The planet is experiencing a new wave of die-offs, courtesy of human activ-
ity, that has resulted in increased habitat loss, the introduction of exotic invaders and
rapid changes to our climate. Such cataclysmic events have only occurred 5 times in
the history of Planet Earth—this is the first time it is caused by humans. In an effort
to combat the declines, scientists have been racing to make predictions and gener-
ate models, but with every passing day, there are new discoveries that don’t fit in any
current model only leading one to assume that we are greatly underestimating the
potential effects of Climate Change. If we continue at the rate we are going, the ice caps
in the North Pole and Greenland could disappear within the century, ultimately wiping
out coastal cities around the world and spark the end of humanity as we know it today.
What is the Difference between Carbon Dioxide and Methane Greenhouse Gas?
Methane is a greenhouse gas like carbon dioxide (CO2), but the negative effect on the
climate of Methane is 23 times higher than the effect of CO2. Methane accounts for
10-12% of the total human-driven emissions worldwide and almost all of those emissions
are derived from Cattle production.
What is Carbon Tax?
Not only are solutions for combatting climate change expensive, but actions speak
louder than words, and without proper accountability, we cannot trust that words will
turn into the necessary actions. Thus, it is in our best interest to implement a Carbon
Tax which places a cost on carbon emissions. Basic economic theory says when a price
goes up, consumption goes down, similar to how cigarette smoking has declined on the
back of an increased tobacco tax. Traditionally, taxes are politically divisive, however, in
this case, the idea is championed by renowned economist, Professor Greg Mankiw, the
author of Contemporary Economics, a Professor at Harvard University, and served as
the Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors under President Bush. And further-
more, this needn’t be a tax increase, rather a tax shift accounted for by way of reducing
the Payroll Tax. However, perhaps the largest challenge is appealing to people’s social
responsibility.
15
What’s the Problem with Palm Oil?
Palm Oil is the world’s most popular type of vegetable oil, and is an ingredient found in
over half of all packaged goods in the supermarkets, from soaps to soups. It is derived
from the palm fruit, grown on the African oil palm tree which flourishes wherever heat
and rainfall are abundant. While palm oil is grown across the world, 85% is produced
and exported from Indonesia and Malaysia, often in unsustainable methods. Palm oil
itself is not a major harm to the environment, but the method of extraction is. It’s one of
the world’s leading causes of rainforest destruction. For plantation owners, burning is a
common method for clearing vegetation in natural forests as well as within oil palm plan-
tations so they can plant, and profit, from the production of palm oil. Traditionally, trees
act as a canopy to filter CO2 by absorbing the carbon in their trunks, leaves, etc. By
removing these trees, decades of sequestered carbon that was absorbed by the forests,
is released quickly into the atmosphere, effectively creating massive “carbon bombs.”
From 2001 to 2010, land-use carbon emissions from palm oil in Indonesia averaged
216 to 268 million tons—that’s equivalent to the emissions from 45 to 55 million cars,
56 to 70 coal-fired power plants, or the annual energy use from 20 to 25 million homes.
In Indonesia, these fires have led to the destruction of over 80% of their rainforests.
How can Municipalities Play a Leading Role?
On the local level, Mayors do not have time for political games are are forced to address
the immediate impacts of climate change—such as “sunny day flooding”—rather than
benefit from long-term prevention measures that should be happening on a macro-level.
This is forcing city executives like Mayor Levine, Miami Beach, to spend $400M on infra-
structure that only results in a short-term solution, rather than investing the same money
in research that could start to curb our emissions.
How Can I Figure Out My Carbon Footprint?
If you’re inspired by the message of the film and interested in learning more about how
to offset your own carbon footprint, you will soon be able to using the Carbotax app.
The program, designed by Daniel Nadler and Karl Burkhart, asks a series of questions
about an individual’s travel, commuting, eating, and other habits to calculate an appro-
priate annual contribution.
The app will be live on October 20. It’s kind of like filling out a tax form and the tax of
one’s carbon footprint will then go to reforestation and the individual will be able to pick
a certain area to reforest. That tax will also be tax deductible because it goes towards a
503C1 charity.
16
// TA K E A C T I O N : S O L U T I O N S D O E X I S T
“This is our last chance at combatting climate change as we can no longer reverse the clock, but we can prevent it from getting worse. It is up to us whether we get lauded or vilified by the next generations.”
—Leonardo DiCaprio
There’s no doubt that climate change is an overwhelming problem, which is why, as a
local Ambassador for Peace, it is so important to offer clear, meaningful tips that are
both doable and impactful. Also, acknowledging that it is overwhelming can be comfort-
ing to audiences. Let them know that while it is overwhelming, there is still so much we
can do. Starting with small steps leads to bigger ones: If you start changing your light
bulb and using reusable bags, you are much more likely to do more, such as buy energy
efficient appliances, take public transportation instead of always driving a car. We don’t
want audiences to move from denial to despair—audiences should leave the film feeling
hopeful, confident that their actions will have an impact.
Here are a few things that viewers can do:
1. SPREAD THE WORD about Before the Flood using the hashtag #BeforeTheFlood on social media and asking friends and family to visit our
website (www.beforetheflood.com) and see the film.
2. Invite friends, colleagues, and neighbors to SEE THE FILM in theaters on October 21 and on National Geographic starting on October 30.
3. Become a Before the Flood Ambassador of Peace and sign up to HOST A SCREENING of the film.
4. Use your right to VOTE and elect officials who are working to combat climate change.
5. Incentivize industry and consumers to consume less by paying a CARBON TAX and placing a cost on carbon emissions. Once the price goes up,
consumption will start to go down.
6. CHANGE THE WAY YOU CONSUME. Eat less beef, take public transporta- tion instead of driving a car, don’t buy products made with palm oil, or
use renewable energy. Tweet us at @natgeochannel and use the hashtag
#BeforeTheFlood to let us know what consumption habit you’re changing.
17
// D I S C U S S I O N Q U E S T I O N S
Climate change is the most fundamental
threat facing our planet. We must work
together as a global, collective voice to
demand major action now, as our very
survival depends on it.
We’ve provided some Ambassador ques-
tions below to help you guide a powerful
conversation with the audience following
a community screening of Before the
Flood.
1. As evidenced in the film, every deci- sion we make can have an environ-
mental impact. What changes are you
going to make in your day-to-day life
to reduce your carbon footprint? How
will you keep yourself accountable?
2. In Before the Flood, we saw countless ways that our consumption is ruining
the environment. What outcomes
were most shocking to you? What
solutions provided you with the most
optimism for the future?
3. Every November, we have a chance to elect representatives with our best
interests in mind, whether that is
locally or in Washington, D.C. If you
were elected to office, what actions
would you take to ensure a sustainable
future for future generations?
4. This November, we are voting not only for a new leader of the Free World, but
an individual that has the power to set
us on a new course. What issues are
most important to you this fall? And
what can we do to better elevate the
importance of the environment among
our candidates?
5. The debate about climate change has been labeled as a misinformation
campaign. What arguments have you
heard on either side of the debate that
have been most impactful in creating
your views? Have any of these ideas
been changed because of this film?
6. Are you optimistic or pessimistic about the future of our planet? Why?
7. This film has an incredible power to change minds and expand the
common knowledge about the impact
of Climate Change. Who do you think
needs to see this film? Why should
they see and what can you do to make
sure that happens?
8. While it would be great to assume that everyone will make environmentally
conscious decisions all the time, we
cannot expect everyone to give up
their cars and put solar panels on their
homes. What tools (apps, incentives,
resources, etc.) would help you and
your community become more envi-
ronmentally conscious?
9. The film was filled with powerful imagery, eye-popping statistics, and
a myriad of ideas of how to live a
greener lifestyle. What was most
powerful and inspiring to you? What
will you tell your peers about this film?
10. From the streets of Miami to the islands dotted across the Pacific,
people are being affected by Climate
Change everyday. Have you had any
first-hand experiences with Climate
Change? What was that like and what
changes did you make as a result of
that experience?
18
// S TAT I S T I C S & FA C T S
Before the Flood provides a wakeup call about the inevitable fate of our planet should
we fail to act to reduce the effects of climate change. The film explores the symptoms
and solutions of climate change before the information is distorted, as it often is, by
those with a financial interest in fossil fuel production. Listed below are some key
statistics regarding the core issues featured in the film.
Climate Change
• It is estimated that by 2060, Climate
Change will cost US taxpayers $44
trillion
• Methane is a greenhouse gas like
carbon dioxide (CO2). But the nega-
tive effect on the climate of Methane
is 23 times higher than the effect of
CO2.
• The Pentagon has said that Climate
Change is a national security issue and
people need to worry
• In 5 years, 30’ worth of ice has melted
off the surface of Greenland. That is
100 cubic kilometers of ice that is no
longer stored on land, but at sea
• 97% of scientist agree that Climate
Change is real and accelerated by
human contribution
• 5 Islands disappeared in 2015 and
6 will disappear in 2016
• It would require only 100 gigafactories
(Tesla’s battery plants) to provide
energy to the entire planet
Mass Extinction
• By 2100, 1 in 6 species could go
extinct if we don’t act now.
• We are facing the largest mass
extinction since the disappearance
of the Dinosaurs. Such events have
only occurred 5 times in the last
500 million years!
• Mammals are going extinct at a rate
20-100x greater than witnessed in
history
Palm Oil
• Palm oil is responsible for mass
deforestation and excessive carbon
emissions
• Palm oil is found in an estimated
50% of all packaged goods2
• 85% of Palm Oil is produced in
Malaysia and Indonesia
• The extraction of Palm Oil is leading
us to the near elimination of Elephants,
Orangutans, Tigers and Rhinos that
are native to the area6
Carbon Tax
• It is estimated that by 2060, Climate
Change will cost US taxpayers $44
trillion
19
// R E S O U R C E S
The following organizations and articles will provide you with additional information
about the issues addressed in Before the Flood. In addition to these resources, be
sure to check the Google Play and App Store on Oct. 20th for Carbotax, a program
designed by Daniel Nadler and Karl Burkhart, that asks a series of questions about your
travel, commuting, eating and other habits to calculate an appropriate annual contribu-
tion that can be donated to non-profit to protect the environment.
Fossil Fuels
• 350: Find a local climate activist
group, or start your own, to educate
your community and create solutions.
• NRDC: Help protect our environment
and advocate for solutions for climate
change.
• Greenpeace: Learn how replacing
fossil fuels with renewable energy is
better for both the environment and
the economy.
• Sierra Club: Read up on the progress
the US has made on eliminating fossil
fuels.
Mass Extinction
• Center for Biological Diversity: Sign up
for their e-network, volunteer, or take
part in current action campaigns for
endangered species and wild places.
• Defenders of Wildlife: Stay updated
on news and action alerts, advocate
on behalf of wildlife, or symbolically
adopt an animal.
• The Humane Society of the US:
Volunteer directly with animals at
HSUS’s care center and rescue teams
or indirectly with grassroots outreach
and organizing events.
• Seafood Watch: Sign up for the
e-newsletter and read up on how to
choose sustainable seafood when you
shop.
• Wildlife Conservation Society: Fight to
protect wildlife through petitions and
campaigns.
• Center for Biological Diversity: Learn
what species are heading towards
extinction and why it’s so destructive
for the world.
• The Humane Society of the US: Read
up on why it’s important to protect
animals from cruelty ranging from the
wildlife trade to puppy mills.
20
Methane Gas
• EPA: Learn more about emissions
and removals of the main greenhouse
gases to and from the atmosphere.
• Environmental Defense Fund: Read
about the impact of methane gas on
our climate.
Palm Oil
• Say No To Palm Oil: Read up on how
producing and exporting palm oil
leads to deforestation of rainforests,
taking the land from the animals and
people that live there.
• Rainforest Action Network: Learn
how exporting palm oil, which can be
found in half of packaged products, is
one of the leading causes of rainforest
destruction.
• World Wildlife Fund: Learn more
about what palm oil is and how it
affects our environment.
• Live Deforestation Free
• Ask Pepsi to take the Palm Oil
Challenge
• Tell Starbucks to Have a Sustainable
Palm Oil Plan
• SF20: Cut Palm Oil, Not Rainforests
Geopolitical Landscape
• http://www.c2es.org/international/
key-country-policies/china
• Roadmap for U.S.-China Cooperation
on Energy and Climate Change
• Climate Change Mitigation Measures
in China
• China’s National Climate Change
Program
US Political Landscape
• Greenpeace: Join other activists in
volunteering, starting groups, and
running campaigns.
• Moms Clean Air Force: Urge your
representatives to take a stand on
climate change.
• Open Secrets: Learn how big oil is
influencing our elections. See who is
spending the the most money and
which elected officials are benefitting
from it.
Renewable Energy
• Moms Clean Air Force: Read how coal
contributes to air pollution and endan-
gers our health.
• Moms Clean Air Force: Learn about
the importance of clean energy.
• ACORE is a national non-profit orga-
nization dedicated to advancing the
renewable energy sector through
market development, policy changes,
and financial innovation.
• Defenders of Wildlife: Learn about
clean energy, climate change, and
conservation issues.
Batteries
• Tesla Energy: Read how Tesla’s
batteries are helping the world make
the switch from fossil fuels to clean
energy.
• ChargePoint brings electric vehicle
(EV) charging to more people and
places than ever before.
• ChargePoint—Request a charging
station for Electric Vehicles near you.
21
Carbon Tax
• Carbon Tax Center—The CTC was
Launched in January 2007 to give
voice to Americans who believe that
taxing emissions of carbon diox-
ide—along with commensurate taxes
on methane and other greenhouse
gases—is imperative to reduce global
warming.
• Effective Carbon Prices—OECD
Economic textbooks predict that
taxes and emission trading systems
are the cheapest way for societies to
reduce emissions of CO2. This book
shows that this is also the case in the
real world.
Global Political Solutions
• Conservation International: Learn
about international efforts to work
with government and companies to
protect our natural wealth.
• The Paris Agreement: At the Paris
climate conference (COP21) in
December 2015, 195 countries
adopted the first-ever universal,
legally binding global climate deal.
• Pope Francis’ Encyclical Letter On
Care for Our Common Home
Additional Environmental Resources
• Mission Blue: Donate or help protect
the oceans with Hope Spots, places in
the ocean that are vital for its health.
• Oceana: Sign up for the newsletter
and add your name to petitions to
protect marine life.
• Seafood Watch: Learn how many fish-
ing methods are harming the ocean
and its wildlife.
• Waterkeeper Alliance: Engage in a
variety of ways to protect “swimmable,
drinkable, fishable” water.
• Jane Goodall Institute: Get involved
from signing a petition to attending a
Roots & Shoots event.
• The Nature Conservancy: Get involved
by calculating your carbon footprint,
planting trees, volunteering, and more.
• Mission Blue: Learn more about Hope
Spots and why it’s critical to protect
the ocean.
• Save Our Seas: Read up on current
projects that research and protect
marine life around the world.
• US Climate Network
• WildAid
22
T H A N K Y O U
“Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world; indeed, it’s the only thing that ever has.”
—Margaret Mead
Thank you for your leadership and for standing with us as an Ambassador of Peace
in your own community. It is your action and commitment to raise awareness, spur
constructive conversation, and empower your community with solutions that will leave
our planet a liable home for future generations.
Please take a few minutes to provide feedback about the screening and share your
thoughts with us in this post-screening survey:
https://www.surveymonkey.com/ r/SKPNDW7