Psychology Unit 3 Assignment: NutritionCalc Plus Report

Carbohydrates ● Include sugars and starches

○ Contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen ○ Their chemical names generally end in the suffix -ose

Monosaccharides ● Simple sugars made of 1 unit

○ Glucose - most important energy source for living things: C6H12O6 ○ Fructose - “fruit sugar”

Disaccharides ● Made of 2 sugar units

○ Sucrose - common table sugar ○ Lactose - “milk sugar”

Polysaccharides ● Polymers - made of many units

○ Complex carbohydrates - “starch” ○ Cellulose (a.k.a. “fiber”) - found only in plants

■ Humans cannot digest fiber (lack the necessary enzyme) ■ Promotes regularity and satiety, reduces risk of cardiovascular diseases

Glycogen - “animal starch”

● Made of 1000s of glucose units linked together ● Stored in the liver and muscles ● Can be converted back into glucose when energy is needed

Caloric Value ● Carbohydrates provide 4 kilocalories (Calories) per gram ● Fiber provides 0 Calories ...why?

Carbohydrate-rich foods ● Vegetables, fruits, whole grains, seeds, nuts, beans, bread, bagels,

potatoes, rice, pasta...which of these foods do you include in your diet?